Estimated evapotranspiration from a hypothetical short grass with a height of 0.12 m, a surface resistance of 70 s m-1, and an albedo of 0.23 (no water stress). Dataset contains daily total estimated evapotranspiration.
In 1988 and 1990, 31 wells were installed at 20 sites within watershed N04D at Konza Prairie Biological Station to allow long-term monitoring of groundwater physical and chemical properties. Subsequently, four additional wells were installed in N04D in 1997, and five wells were installed in an adjacent watershed, N01B, in 2020. Most of the wells are nested to include wells completed in alluvium/colluvium and two Permian limestone units, the Morrill Limestone and the Eiss Limestone. The wells are completed along transects perpendicular to the main drainage in each watershed.
Wells were drilled in two sites on Konza Prairie Biological Station in April, 1993 approximately 100 m from Kings Creek. The two sites are located in a grassland and an agricultural area. The grassland site (K01A) is an old field that was planted with brome sometime prior to 1976. It has not been grazed for 25 years and is burned in spring every 1-2 years. The agricultural site is currently under a mix of cultivation and restoration plots. Historically, it was cultivated from sometime between 1939 and 1950 to the present.
Data set contains results of chemical analysis of wetfall samples collected on Konza Prairie. Analysis is done by the Central Analytical Lab (CAL), Champaign, IL as part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP). NADP data products available on the NADP/NTN web site (nadp.slh.wisc.edu/data/NTN/ (link is external)) include: Annual Data Summaries, Semiannual Data Reports, Annual and Seasonal Averages, Monthly Averages, and Weekly data. Konza Prairie LTER archives and provides the weekly data in electronic form before May 2019.
Data set contains daily records of precipitation on 10 raingauges at 10 sites on Konza Prairie. Two sites (020A and 002C; SE) have 7-day clocks (one revolution per week), 7 have 24-hour clocks (one revolution per day), and the Headquarters raingauge generates daily data and 15 minute data. The Headquarters raingauge generates data year round. The remaining rain gauges are operated from April 1 to October 31. Precipitation amounts are recorded in mm.
The following weather data are included in this data set: hourly (record type 1): mean temperature, mean relative humidity, mean wind speed, mean wind direction, mean solar radiation, soil temperature, max wind speed; daily (record type 2): maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature, mean air temperature, mean relative humidity, total solar radiation, total precipitation, maximum soil temperature, minimum soil temperature, mean soil temperature, average wind speed. These data are collectecd by a micrologger at headquarters on Konza Prairie.
Water temperature is measured in streams draining catchments with annual, 2-year, 4-year, and 20-year burn treatments. Hourly measurements of water temperature (degrees C) are made in each of the four streams where discharge is continuously monitored (see data set ASD02).
Stream discharge is measured on a catchment (N04D), with 4-year fire return interval and grazed by bison since 1992. Measurements are taken at 5 minute intervals at a triangular throated flume. The prairie streams are 3rd-order and are intermittent. Daily and stormflow discharge records are available.
Stream discharge is measured on a catchment (N20B), with 20-year fire return interval and grazed by bison since 1992. Measurements are taken at 5 minute intervals at a triangular throated flume. The prairie streams are 3rd-order and are intermittent. Daily and stormflow discharge records are available.
Stream discharge is measured on a catchment (N01B), with 1-year fire return interval and grazed by bison since 1992. Measurements are taken at 5 minute intervals at a triangular throated flume. The prairie streams are 3rd-order and are intermittent. Daily and stormflow discharge records are available.
Stream discharge is measured on a catchment (N02B), with 2-year fire return interval and grazed by bison since 1992. Measurements are taken at 5 minute intervals at a triangular throated flume. The prairie streams are 3rd-order and are intermittent. Daily and stormflow discharge records are available.
Data set contains measurements of soil moisture (%volume) at various depths (25-200 cm) in deep (lowland) soils collected on LTER grazed and ungrazed watersheds burned at 1-, 4-, and 20-year intervals. Soil moisture measured by the neutron probe method.
Rainfall simulation and overland flow experiments were performed on four plots at a single site on Konza from May to August, 1989. Two plots were treated with a late spring burn and two plots were left unburned. Five simulations were performed on burned plots and three simulatons on unburned plots. Each simulation consisted of a “dry run” followed 24 hours later by a 'wet run'. The dry run consisted of rainfall applied at an intesity of approximately 60 mm/hour.
To determine effects of rotational burning and riparian vegetation removal on suspended solid concentrations in streams. Two sites are burned with a frequency of 2 (N02B) and 4 (N04D) years and grazed by bison. In 2011, N02B will have woody riparian vegetation removed along the entire stream length. The Shane Creek site (SHAN) is currently ungrazed and burned most years. In 2011 the treatment will be switched to grazing and burning of 1/3 of the watershed every year. The data include before and during-treatment sampling for both experiments.
Soil temperature was measured using temperature probes and dataloggers at selected depths in small plots tht were either burned annually, burned and clipped to remove aboveground biomass, or left unburned. Raw data was summarized into hourly readings and daily minimum, maximum, and mean temperatures.
Turbidity, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, temperature, and pH are measured on streams draining catchments with 2-year (N02B), 4-year (N04D), and rotational (SA, SB, and SC) burns. Measurements are taken at 10 minute intervals upstream of the flume or crossing. Water quality parameters are measured using Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) multiparameter water quality sondes model 6600 or 6920. Turbidity and dissolved oxygen are measured using YSI 6136 optical turbidity probe and YSI 6150 ROX optical dissolved oxygen probe.
Dates of records of occurrence for all bird species reported on Konza Prairie.
The purpose of this study is to monitor long-term changes in individual animal mass. The datasets include an annual summary of the bison herd structure, end-of-season weights of individual animals, and maternal parentage of individual bison.
Dates by species of documented records of breeding - either nests or dependent, fledged young - with contents of nest, nest placement information and location on Konza Prairie recorded by grid square.
Records of bird species based on line transect sampling, giving perpendicular distance of sighting from the transect line on 16 separate transects. Bird surveys were conducted 2-4 times per year in January, April, June, and October for a 29-year period from 1981 to 2009. Transects were designed to determine bird communities and population numbers associated with tallgrass prairie habitats with different experimental treatments (fire frequency, grazed by bison vs. ungrazed), riparian habitats on forest edge, and gallery forests dominated by oak woodland.
Fishes were collected by habitat (pool or riffle) at 6 sites in the Kings Creek watershed with a single-pass electrofishing survey with one person operating the electrofisher and two people dipnetting. Collections were made seasonally.
Long-term monitoring of gall-insect densities on Solidago canadensis, Vernonia baldwinii, and Ceanothus herbaceous. Gall abundances are censused in watersheds burned at one- to twenty- year intervals to asses the role of fire frequency and time since fire on gall-insect population dynamics. The data sets contain the following: Watershed fire frequency, number of growing seasons since last fire, plant species, number of galled stems, and number of censused stems. Censuses conducted for the 1989-1996 growing seasons except 1992 and 1994, next scheduled census is fall 1997.
Sweep samples for estimating grasshopper (Acrididae) composition and relative abundance at one site for each of 12 Konza Prairie LTER fire/grazing/soil treatment combinations (3 fire treatments x 2 soils x 2 grazing treatments). Samples were collected in June, August, and September. At each site on each occasion, 18 sets of 10 sweeps each (180 sweeps total) were taken. Stored data include for each site on each occasion: total number of each species (all instars combined) collected and total number for each instar for each species (180 sweeps combined).
Sweep samples were taken for grasshoppers (Acrididae) at two sites for each of 14 Konza Prairie LTER watersheds. Samples are taken in late July to early August. At each site on each occasion, 10 sets of 20 sweeps (200 sweeps total) are taken. Stored data include for each site on each occasion: total number of each species (all instars combined) collected and total number for each instar for each species (200 sweeps combined).
Sweep samples were taken for grasshoppers (Arcididae) at two upland sites on 5 watersheds at approximately two week intervals, June-Sept 1982. At each site on each occasion, 20 sets of 20 sweeps (400 sweeps total) were taken. Stored data include for each site on each occasion: total number of each species (all instars combined) collected and total number for each instar for each species (400 sweeps combined).
Sweep samples were taken for grasshoppers (Acrididae) at two sites for each of 14 Konza Prairie LTER watersheds. Samples are taken in late July to early August. At each site on each occasion, 10 sets of 20 sweeps (200 sweeps total) are taken. Stored data include for each site on each occasion: total number of each species (all instars combined) collected and total number for each instar for each species (200 sweeps combined).
Twenty replicate permanent 2x2 m plots were established in early 1991 along a randomly located transect, with a 2m space between each plot, on the following watersheds: 1B, 1D, annually burned HQB, 10B, 20D and infrequently burned HQB. Ten of the plots were randomly assigned as long-term mycorrhizal suppression plots. In each of these plots, AM fungi were suppressed by the application of the fungicide benomyl as a soil drench (7.5 liters per plot) at the rate of 1.25 g/m2 (active ingredient).
Location of leks and number of birds per lek are censused during late April and early May across Konza Prairie to document year to year densities of greater prairie chickens. This dataset is continued by CPC02 after 04/19/1999.
Location of leks and number of birds per lek are censused during late April and early May across Konza Prairie to document year to year densities of greater prairie chickens.
Belowground densities and biomass of macroarthropods on annually were measured by hand-sorting techniques. Total herbivore biomass was greater in soils of annually burned sites, and was composed largely of white grubs (Scarabaeidae).
Data set contains seasonal summaries (spring and autumn) of the number of individuals of each species of small mammal captured (relative abundance) on each grassland trapline. Each record contains year, season, trapline and number of individuals captured of each species. These live trap records are based on daily captures during two 4-day trapping periods in spring (late February to early April) and autumn (early October to mid-November) for each of 14 permanent traplines established on seven fire-grazing treatments (two traplines per treatment).
Data set contains seasonal summaries (spring, summer and autumn) of the number of individuals of each species of small mammal captured (relative abundance) on each woodland trapline. Each record contains year, season, trapline and number of individuals captured of each species.
Data set contains seasonal summaries (spring, summer and autumn) of the number of individuals of each species of small mammal captured (relative abundance) on each woodland trapline. Each record contains year, season, trapline and number of individuals captured of each species.
Data set contains seasonal summaries (spring, summer and fall) of the number of individuals of each species of small mammal caught (relative density) on each grassland census line. Each record contains trapline, year of last fire and number of individuals per species. These live trap records are based on daily captures during three 4-day trapping peroids, March, July and October, for each of 20 permanent census lines established on 10 fire-grazing treatments (2 lines per treatment).
Data set contains seasonal summaries (spring and autumn) of the the number of individuals of each species of small mammal captured (relative abundance) on each grassland trapline. Each record contains year, season, trapline and number of individuals captured of each species. These live trap records are based on daily captures during a single 4-day trapping period in spring (mid-March to early April) and autumn (late October to early December) for each of six permanent traplines established on two fire treatments (three traplines per treatment).
Data set contains seasonal summaries (spring, summer and autumn) of the number of individuals of each species of small mammal captured (relative abundance) on each prairie trapline. Each record contains year, season, trapline and number of individuals captured of each species. These live trap records are based on daily captures during 4-day trapping periods in spring (early March to early April), summer (late June to late July) and autumn (early October to mid-November) for each permanent trapline (two traplines per treatment).
The objectives of this project are to quantify the seasonably variable timing among meteoric precipitation, groundwater recharge, and groundwater temperature. Hypotheses are: 1. Because of the karst-like characteristics of the aquifers in N04d (and by extension, the entire region), recharge will be rapid during moderately large precipitation events where fractures are enlarged by dissolution and therefore highly conductive, except during the most active part of the growing season. 2.
This data set contains data describing Grasshopper Sparrow nests prior to 2017, and after that, additionally many Dickcissels, Eastern Meadowlarks, and other songbirds.. These nests were primarily found by rope dragging but also on surveys (see RI Survey Data Set), flushing birds during other activities, and via behavioral observations.
Data on the location, identity, and reproductive index (Vickery et al. 1992) of Grasshopper Sparrows prior to 2017, and after that, additionally many Dickcissels, Eastern Meadowlarks, Brown-headed Cowbirds and other songbirds within 10-ha plots on multiple watersheds units on Konza and on two adjoining units on the Rannells Preserve. Each plot was surveyed every ~7-10 days. These surveys documented individual sparrow, Dickcissel, and Eastern Meadowlark locations, and are used to calculate dispersal distances and territory densities and movements.
This data set includes data on the contents of sweep samples. We collected sweeps in select years during May, June, and/or July in 3 locations on each of the focal watersheds. Sweeps were 80m long and centered at veg points. Data consist of information about the sampling events, and sample wet mass, edible mass (combined mass of selected orders listed below).
Data set includes estimates of vegetation structure and composition collected during ~monthly sampling events on Konza Prairie watersheds and on the nearby Rannell’s Preserve. Vegetation data were collected from three (prior to 2017) or 10 randomly-selected locations on each watershed; two from outside the 10-ha plot (see project abstract) and one inside the plot. We sampled vegetation on each watershed once a month, during May, June, and July. Additional vegetation data were collected from bird nest sites within ~3 days of nests failing.
‘PBG’ datasets are associated with a long-term, large-scale study that is addressing the effects of fire-grazing interactions in the context of a Patch-Burn Grazing management system designed to promote grassland heterogeneity. Effects of patch-burn grazing management on plant and animal diversity and the nature and variety of wildlife habitat are being assessed in two replicate management units, each consisting of three pastures (watersheds) designated C03A/C03B/C03C and C3SA/C3SB/C3SC.
Long-term monitoring of bird presence is performed on Konza Prairie. The purpose was to determine bird species phenology of occurrence on entire Konza Prairie. Data on the presence, including documented nesting, of all bird species is recorded weekly in five-year periods e.g. 1980-1984, 1985-1989, 1990-1994.
Prairie stream fish communities have been monitored seasonally at multiple sites within the Kings Creek watershed since 1995. The objective of this sampling is to evaluate how these communities respond to seasonal and annual variation in environmental conditions. Specifically, we are interesting in testing the resistance and resilience of stream communities in response to flood and drought disturbances. One site in a downstream perennial reach of the watershed has been sampled since 1995.
Data set contains summaries (summer) of the number of individuals of each species of small mammal captured (relative abundance) on each transect. Each record contains date, treatment, transect, trap station, species, specimen number, recapture status, specimen disposition, external body measurements (where applicable), reproductive information, and miscellaneous associated comments.
These data depict the elevation features of Konza Prairie. Record type 1 is a 2 meter resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of Konza Prairie, generated from 2006 LiDAR DEM data collected to standard USGS specifications (GIS200). Record type 3 is a 2010 10 meter (1/3 arc second) resolution National Elevation Dataset (NED) DEM of Konza Prairie (GIS202). Record type 4 is a 10 meter resolution NED DEM of Konza Prairie with a modified 3 kilometer buffer (GIS203). Record type 5 is a USGS topographic map of Konza Prairie (GIS204).
This dataset contains the boundary polygon of the Konza Prairie Biological Station (KPBS). Data type one (GIS000) defines the original KPBS boundary used from 1977 until 1982, type two contains the extended boundary from 1982 (GIS001) to 1997, and type three (GIS002) contains the boundary since 1997. These data are available as zipped (.zip) shapefiles (.shp).
This dataset defines the internal boundaries of the Konza Prairie Biological Station (KPBS). Data type one (GIS010) is a record of all fenced areas on KPBS with GIS011 providing locations for all gates and type of gate (exterior, bison, and cattle). Data type three (GIS012) represents various large-scale research areas on Konza including bison grazed, cattle grazed, fire reversal, etc. These data are available as zipped (.zip) shapefiles (.shp).
This dataset defines the experimental watershed treatments for the Konza Prairie Biological Station (KPBS). These treatments have changed over time to represent changes in both physical boundaries as well as changes in watershed treatments.
These data are available to download as zipped shapefiles (.zip), compressed Google Earth KML layers (.kmz).
This dataset contains a comprehensive record of burn histories for the Konza Prairie Biological Station (KPBS) dating from 1972. Burn history data contains date burned, area burned and type of treatment (prescribed burns, complete and partial burns, and wildfires). These data are available as zipped (.zip) shapefiles (.shp).
