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Mount HE, Smith MD, Knapp AK, et al. Drought?tolerant grassland species are generally more resistant to competition. Journal of Ecology. 2024;112(2):416-426. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.14243.

Knapp AK, Condon KV, Folks CC, et al. Field experiments have enhanced our understanding of drought impacts on terrestrial ecosystems?But where do we go from here?. Functional Ecology. 2024;38(1):76-97. doi:10.1111/1365-2435.14460.

Song L, Griffin-Nolan RJ, Muraina TO, et al. Grassland sensitivity to drought is related to functional composition across East Asia and North America. Ecology. 2024;105(2):e4220. doi:10.1002/ecy.4220.

Feldman AF, Feng X, Felton AJ, et al. Plant responses to changing rainfall frequency and magnitude. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 2024;5(4):276 - 294. doi:10.1038/s43017-024-00534-0.

Wilcox KR, Chen A, Avolio ML, et al. Accounting for herbaceous communities in process?based models will advance our understanding of ?grassy? ecosystems. Global Change Biology. 2023;29(23):6453 - 6477. doi:10.1111/gcb.v29.2310.1111/gcb.16950.

Wilcox KR, Collins SL, Knapp AK, et al. Assessing carbon storage capacity and saturation across six central US grasslands using data?model integration. Biogeosciences. 2023;20(13):2707 - 2725. doi:10.5194/bg-20-2707-2023.

Hajek OL. Grassland responses to seasonal shifts in water availability.  2023;PhD Dissertation. doi:https://api.mountainscholar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/a7decffd-ba41-4d12-ae8e-19ce83a2ce3f/content.

Koerner SE, Avolio ML, Blair JM, Knapp AK, Smith MD. Multiple global change drivers show independent, not interactive effects: a long-term case study in tallgrass prairie. Oecologia. 2023;201(1):143?154. doi:10.1007/s00442-022-05295-5.

Rocci KS, Bird M, Blair JM, Knapp AK, Liang C, M. Cotrufo F. Thirty years of increased precipitation modifies soil organic matter fractions but not bulk soil carbon and nitrogen in a mesic grassland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2023;185:109145. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.109145.

Griffin-Nolan RJ, Felton AJ, Slette IJ, Smith MD, Knapp AK. Traits that distinguish dominant species across aridity gradients differ from those that respond to soil moisture. Oecologia. 2023;201(2):311 - 322. doi:10.1007/s00442-023-05315-y.

Hajek OL, Knapp AK. Shifting seasonal patterns of water availability: ecosystem responses to an unappreciated dimension of climate change. New Phytologist. 2022;233(1):119-125. doi:10.1111/nph.17728.

Griffin-Nolan RJ, Slette IJ, Knapp AK. Deconstructing precipitation variability: rainfall event size and timing uniquely alter ecosystem dynamics. Journal of Ecology. 2021;109(9):3356-3369. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13724.

Slette IJ, Blair JM, Fay PA, Smith MD, Knapp AK. Effects of compounded precipitation pattern intensification and drought occur belowground in a mesic grassland. Ecosystems. 2021. doi:10.1007/s10021-021-00714-9.

Lagueux D, Jumpponen A, Porras-Alfaro A, et al. Experimental drought re?ordered assemblages of root?associated fungi across North American grasslands. Journal of Ecology. 2021;109(2):776 - 792. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13505.

Slette IJ, Liebert A, Knapp AK. Fire history as a key determinant of grassland soil CO2 flux. Plant and Soil. 2021;460:579?592. doi:10.1007/s11104-020-04781-0.

Slette IJ. Impacts of compound precipitation extremes on belowground dynamics in a mesic grassland. Colorado State University. 2021;PhD Dissertation. Available at: https://mountainscholar.org/handle/10217/234322.

Wang J, Tian D, Knapp AK, et al. Precipitation manipulation and terrestrial carbon cycling: The roles of treatment magnitude, experimental duration and local climate. Michaletz S. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 2021;30(9):1909 - 1921. doi:10.1111/geb.13356.

Felton AJ, Knapp AK, Smith MD. Precipitation?productivity relationships and the duration of precipitation anomalies: An underappreciated dimension of climate change. Global Change Biology. 2021;27(6):1127 - 1140. doi:10.1111/gcb.15480.

Chen A, Mao J, Ricciuto D, et al. Seasonal changes in GPP/SIF ratios and their climatic determinants across the Northern Hemisphere. Global Change Biology. 2021;27(20):5186 - 5197. doi:10.1111/gcb.15775.

Yahdjian L, Sala OE, PiÑEiro-Guerra JManuel, et al. Why coordinated distributed experiments should go global. BioScience. 2021;71(9):918 - 927. doi:10.1093/biosci/biab033.

Smith MD, Koerner SE, Knapp AK, et al. Mass ratio effects underlie ecosystem responses to environmental change. Journal of Ecology. 2020;108(3):855-864. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13330.

Felton AJ, Slette IJ, Smith MD, Knapp AK. Precipitation amount and event size interact to reduce ecosystem functioning during dry years in a mesic grassland. Global Change Biology. 2020;26(2):658-668. doi:10.1111/gcb.14789.

Paschalis A, Fatichi S, Zscheischler J, et al. Rainfall?manipulation experiments as simulated by terrestrial biosphere models: where do we stand?. Global Change Biology. 2020;26:3336?3355. doi:10.1111/gcb.15024.

Knapp AK, Chen A, Griffin-Nolan RJ, et al. Resolving the Dust Bowl paradox of grassland responses to extreme drought. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2020;117(36):22249-22255. doi:10.1073/pnas.1922030117.

Chen M, Parton WJ, Hartman MD, et al. Assessing precipitation, evapotranspiration, and NDVI as controls of U.S. Great Plains plant production. Ecosphere. 2019;10(10):e02889. doi:10.1002/ecs2.2889.

Caplan JS, Gimenez D, Hirmas DR, Brunsell N, Blair JM, Knapp AK. Decadal-scale shifts in soil hydraulic properties induced by altered precipitation. Science Advances. 2019;5(9):eaau6635. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau6635.

Komatsu KJ, Avolio ML, Lemoine NP, et al. Global change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2019;116(36):17867-17873. doi:10.1073/pnas.1819027116.

Griffin-Nolan R. Grassland sensitivity to extreme drought: Assessing the role of dominant species physiology and community functional composition.  2019;PhD Dissertation. Available at: https://mountainscholar.org/bitstream/handle/10217/197274/GriffinNolan_colostate_0053A_15495.pdf?sequence=1.

Slette IJ, Post AK, Awad M, et al. How ecologists define drought, and why we should do better. Global Change Biology. 2019;25(10):3193 - 3200. doi:10.1111/gcb.14747.

Griffin-Nolan RJ, Blumenthal DM, Collins SL, et al. Shifts in plant functional composition following long-term drought in grasslands. Jones H. Journal of Ecology. 2019;107(5):2133 - 2148. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13252.

Langley A, Chapman SK, La Pierre KJ, et al. Ambient changes exceed treatment effects on plant species abundance in long-term global change experiments. Glob Chang Biol. 2018;24(12):5668 - 5679. doi:10.1111/gcb.14442.

Wu D, Ciais P, Viovy N, et al. Asymmetric responses of primary productivity to altered precipitation simulated by ecosystem models across three long-term grassland sites. Biogeosciences. 2018;15(11):3421 - 3437. doi:10.5194/bg-15-3421-2018.

Felton AJ, Knapp AK, Smith MD. Carbon exchange responses of a mesic grassland to an extreme gradient of precipitation. Oecologia. 2018:1 -12. doi:10.1007/s00442-018-4284-2.

Koerner SE, Smith MD, Burkepile DE, et al. Change in dominance determines herbivore effects on plant biodiversity. Nature Ecology and Evolution. 2018;2:1925-1932. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0696-y.

Hoffman AM, Avolio ML, Knapp AK, Smith MD. Codominant grasses differ in gene expression under experimental climate extremes in native tallgrass prairie. PeerJ. 2018:e4394. doi:https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4394.

Ochoa-Hueso R, Collins SL, Delgado-Baquerizo M, et al. Drought consistently alters the composition of soil fungal and bacterial communities in grasslands from two continents. Global Change Biology. 2018;24(7):2818 - 2827. doi:10.1111/gcb.14113.

Griffin-Nolan RJ, Carroll CJW, Denton EM, et al. Legacy effects of a regional drought on aboveground net primary production in six central US grasslands. Plant Ecology. 2018;219(5):505 - 515. doi:10.1007/s11258-018-0813-7.

Knapp AK, Carroll CJW, Griffin-Nolan RJ, et al. A reality check for climate change experiments: Do they reflect the real world?. Ecology. 2018;99(10):2145-2151. doi:10.1002/ecy.2474.

Griffin-Nolan RJ, Bushey JA, Carroll CJW, et al. Trait selection and community weighting are key to understanding ecosystem responses to changing precipitation regimes. Fox C. Functional Ecology. 2018;32(7):1746 - 1756. doi:10.1111/1365-2435.13135.

Smith MD, Wilcox KR, Power SA, Tissue DT, Knapp AK. Assessing community and ecosystem sensitivity to climate change - toward a more comparative approach. Journal of Vegetation Science. 2017;28(2):235 - 237. doi:10.1111/jvs.12524.

Wilcox KR, Shi Z, Gherardi LA, et al. Asymmetric responses of primary productivity to precipitation extremes: A synthesis of grassland precipitation manipulation experiments. Global Change Biology. 2017;23(10). doi:10.1111/gcb.13706.

Wilcox KR, Tredennick AT, Koerner SE, et al. Asynchrony among local communities stabilises ecosystem function of metacommunities. Gurevitch J. Ecology Letters. 2017. doi:10.1111/ele.12861.

Denton EM, Dietrich JD, Smith MD, Knapp AK. Drought timing differentially affects above- and belowground productivity in a mesic grassland. Plant Ecology. 2017;218(3):317 - 328. doi:10.1007/s11258-016-0690-x.

Hoover DL, Knapp AK, Smith MD. Photosynthetic responses of a dominant C4 grass to an experimental heat wave are mediated by soil moisture. Oecologia. 2017;183(1):303-313. doi:10.1007/s00442-016-3755-6.

Knapp AK, Avolio ML, Beier C, et al. Pushing precipitation to the extremes in distributed experiments: recommendations for simulating wet and dry years. Global Change Biology. 2017;23(5):1774-1782. doi:10.1111/gcb.13504.

Knapp AK, Ciais P, Smith MD. Reconciling inconsistencies in precipitation? productivity relationships: implications for climate change. New Phytologist. 2017;214(1):41-47. doi:10.1111/nph.14381.

Jones SK, Collins SL, Blair JM, Smith MD, Knapp AK. Altered rainfall patterns increase forb abundance and richness in native tallgrass prairie. Scientific Reports. 2016;(1). doi:10.1038/srep20120.

Wilcox KR, Blair JM, Smith MD, Knapp AK. Does ecosystem sensitivity to precipitation at the site-level conform to regional-scale predictions?. Ecology. 2016;97:561-568. doi:10.1890/15-1437.1.

Hoover DL, Knapp AK, Smith MD. The immediate and prolonged effects of climate extremes on soil respiration in a mesic grassland. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 2016;121(4):1034 - 1044. doi:10.1002/2015JG003256.

Breshears DD, Knapp AK, Law DJ, Smith MD, Twidwell D, Wonkka CL. Rangeland responses to predicted increases in drought extremity. Rangelands . 2016;38:191-196. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rala.2016.06.009.

Smith MD, Knapp AK, Collins SL, et al. Shared drivers but divergent ecological responses: Insights from long-term experiments in mesic savanna grasslands. BioScience. 2016;66(8):666 - 682. doi:10.1093/biosci/biw077.

Wilcox KR, Blair JM, Knapp AK. Stability of grassland soil C and N pools despite 25?years of an extreme climatic and disturbance regime. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 2016;121(7):1934 - 1945. doi:10.1002/2016JG003370.

Wilcox KR. Assessing grassland sensitivity to global change.  2015;PhD. Dissertation. Available at: https://mountainscholar.org/handle/10217/167147.

Knapp AK, Hoover DL, Wilcox KR, et al. Characterizing differences in precipitation regimes of extreme wet and dry years: Implications for climate change experiments. Global Change Biology. 2015;21:2624 -2633. doi:10.1111/gcb.12888.

Wilcox KR, Von Fischer JC, Muscha JM, Petersen MK, Knapp AK. Contrasting above- and belowground sensitivity of three Great Plains grasslands to altered rainfall regimes. Global Change Biology. 2015;21:335 -344. doi:10.1111/gcb.12673.

Knapp AK, Carroll CJW, Denton EM, La Pierre KJ, Collins SL, Smith MD. Differential sensitivity to regional-scale drought in six central US grasslands. Oecologia. 2015;177:949 -957. doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3233-6.

Smith MD, La Pierre KJ, Collins SL, et al. Global environmental change and the nature of aboveground net primary productivity responses: insights from long-term experiments. Oecologia. 2015;177(4):935 - 947. doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3230-9.

Yu Q, Wilcox KR, La Pierre KJ, Knapp AK, Han X, Smith MD. Stoichiometric homeostasis predicts plant species dominance, temporal stability and responses to global change. Ecology. 2015;96(9):2335. doi:10.1890/14-1897.1.

Shi Z, Thomey ML, Mowll M, et al. Differential effects of extreme drought on production and respiration: Synthesis and modeling analysis. Biogeosciences. 2014;11:621 -633. doi:10.5194/bg-11-621-2014.

Giuliani AL, Kelly EF, Knapp AK. Geographic variation in growth and phenology of two dominant Central US grasses: Consequences for climate change. Journal of Plant Ecology. 2014;7:211 -221. doi:10.1093/jpe/rtt036.

Eby S, Burkepile DE, Fynn RWS, et al. Loss of a large grazer impacts savanna grassland plant communities similarly in North America and South Africa. Oecologia. 2014;175:293 -303. doi:10.1007/s00442-014-2895-9.

Koerner SE, Burkepile DE, Fynn RWS, et al. Plant community response to loss of large herbivores differs between North American and South African savanna grasslands. Ecology. 2014;95:808 -816. doi:10.1890/13-1828.1.

Koerner SE, Collins SL, Blair JM, Knapp AK, Smith MD. Rainfall variability has minimal effects on grassland recovery from repeated grazing. Journal of Vegetation Science. 2014;25:36 -44. doi:10.1111/jvs.12065.

Hoover DL, Knapp AK, Smith MD. Resistance and resilience of a grassland ecosystem to climate extremes. Ecology. 2014;95:2646 -2656. doi:10.1890/13-2186.1.

Kirkman K, Collins SL, Smith MD, et al. Responses to fire differ between South African and North American grassland communities. Journal of Vegetation Science. 2014;25:793 -804. doi:10.1111/jvs.12130.

Denton E. The timing of growing season drought and its effects on above- and bekowground production in a mesic grassland.  2014;PhD Dissertation. Available at: https://sites.biology.colostate.edu/knapplab/People/Profiles/technicians/ElsieDentonpub3.pdf.

Fraser LH, Henry HA, Carlyle CN, et al. Coordinated distributed experiments: an emerging tool for testing global hypotheses in ecology and environmental science. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2013;11:147 -155. doi:10.1890/110279.

Hoover DL. Ecological responses to climate extremes in a mesic grassland.  2013;PhD. Dissertation. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82474.

Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Smith MD. Community stability does not preclude ecosystem sensitivity to chronic resource alteration. Functional Ecology. 2012;26:1231 -1233. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02053.x.

Peters DPC, Laney CM, Lugo AE, et al. Long-term trends in ecological systems: a basis for understanding responses to global change. USDA Agriculture Research Service Publication, Technical Bulletin 1931. Washington, D.C.  2012.

Knapp AK, Smith MD, Hobbie SE, et al. Past, present, and future roles of long-term experiments in the LTER Network. Bioscience. 2012;62:377 -389. doi:10.1525/bio.2012.62.4.9.

Knapp AK, Hoover DL, Blair JM, et al. A test of two mechanisms proposed to optimize grassland aboveground primary productivity in response to grazing. Journal of Plant Ecology. 2012;5:357 -365. doi:10.1093/jpe/rts020.

Collins SL, Carpenter SR, Swinton SM, et al. An integrated conceptual framework for long-term social-ecological research. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2011;9:351 -357. doi:10.1890/100068.

Fay PA, Blair JM, Smith MD, Nippert JB, Carlisle JD, Knapp AK. Relative effects of precipitation variability and warming on tallgrass prairie ecosystem function. Biogeosciences. 2011;8:3053 -3068. doi:10.5194/bg-8-3053-2011.

Barger NN, Archer SR, Campbell JL, Huang C, Morton JA, Knapp AK. Woody plant proliferation in North American drylands: A synthesis of impacts on ecosystem carbon balance. Journal of Geophysical Research. 2011;116. doi:10.1029/2010JG001506.

Melzer SE, Knapp AK, Fynn RWS, et al. Fire and grazing impacts on silica production and storage in grass dominated ecosystems. Biogeochemistry. 2010;97:263 -278. doi:10.1007/s10533-009-9371-3.

Travers SE, Tang Z, Caragea D, et al. Variation in gene expression of Andropogon gerardii in response to altered environmental conditions associated with climate change. Journal of Ecology. 2010;98:374 -383. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01618.x.

Peters DPC, Bestelmeyer BT, Knapp AK, Herrick JE, Monger HC, Havstad KM. Approaches to predicting broad-scale regime shifts using changing pattern-process relationships across scales. In: Miao S, Carstenn S, Nungesser M Real World Ecology:  Design and Analyses of Large-Scale and Long-Term Research. Real World Ecology:  Design and Analyses of Large-Scale and Long-Term Research. Springer-Verlag, NY; 2009. Available at: http://www.springer.com/us/book/9780387779416.

Heisler-White JL, Blair JM, Kelly EF, Harmoney K, Knapp AK. Contingent productivity responses to more extreme rainfall regimes across a grassland biome. Global Change Biology. 2009;15:2894 -2904. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01961.x.

Buis GM, Blair JM, Burkepile DE, et al. Controls of aboveground net primary production in mesic savanna grasslands: An inter-hemispheric comparison. Ecosystems. 2009;12:982 -995. doi:10.1007/s10021-009-9273-1.

Nippert JB, Fay PA, Carlisle JD, Knapp AK, Smith MD. Ecophysiological responses of two dominant grasses to altered temperature and precipitation regimes. Acta Oecologia. 2009;35:400 -408. doi:10.1016/j.actao.2009.01.010.

Smith MD, Knapp AK, Collins SL. A framework for assessing ecosystem dynamics in response to chronic resource alterations induced by global change. Ecology. 2009;90:3279 -3289. doi:10.1890/08-1815.1.

Morisette JT, Richardson AD, Knapp AK, et al. Tracking the rhythm of the seasons in the face of global change: phenological research in the 21st century. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2009;7:253 -260. doi:10.1890/070217.

Knapp AK, Beier C, Briske DD, et al. Consequences of more extreme precipitation regimes for terrestrial ecosystems. BioScience. 2008;58:811 -821. doi:10.1641/B580908.

Swemmer AM, Knapp AK. Defoliation synchronizes above-ground growth of co-occurring C4 grass species. Ecology. 2008;89:2860 -2867. doi:10.1890/07-1434.1.

Hutchinson SL, Koelliker JK, Knapp AK. Development of water usage coefficients for the fully-watered tallgrass prairie. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 2008;51:153 -159.

Knapp AK, McCarron JK, Silletti AM, et al. Ecological consequences of the replacement of native grassland by Juniperus virginiana and other woody plants. In: Van Auken OW Ecological Studies Vol. 196, Western North American Juniperus communities: A dynamic vegetation type. Ecological Studies Vol. 196, Western North American Juniperus communities: A dynamic vegetation type. Springer-Verlag, NY; 2008:156 -169. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-34003-6_8.

Heisler-White JL, Knapp AK, Kelly EF. Increased precipitation event size increases aboveground net primary productivity in a semi-arid grassland. Oecologia. 2008;158:129 -140. doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1116-9.

Luo Y, Gerten D, Le Maire G, et al. Modeled interactive effects of precipitation, temperature, and CO2 on ecosystem carbon and water dynamics in different climatic zones. Global Change Biology. 2008;14:1986 -1999. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01629.x.

Gerten D, Luo Y, Le Maire G, et al. Modelled effects of precipitation on ecosystem carbon and water dynamics in different climatic zones. Global Change Biology. 2008;14:1 -15. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01651.x.

Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Collins SL, et al. Shrub encroachment in North American grasslands: Shifts in growth form dominance rapidly alters control of ecosystem carbon inputs. Global Change Biology. 2008;14:615 -623. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01512.x.

Heisler JL, Knapp AK. Temporal coherence of aboveground net primary productivity in mesic grasslands. Ecography. 2008;31:408 -416. doi:10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.05351.x.

Travers SE, Smith MD, Bai J, et al. Ecological genomics: making the leap from model systems in the lab to native populations in the field. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2007;5:19 -24. doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[19:EGMTLF]2.0.CO;2.

Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Childers DL, Sala OE. Estimating aboveground net primary production in grassland and herbaceous dominated ecosystems. In:  Principles and Standards for Measuring Net Primary Production. Principles and Standards for Measuring Net Primary Production. Oxford University Press, NY; 2007:27 -48.

Heisler JL, Knapp AK, Briggs JM. Fire and resource availability influence carbon and water relations of the C3 shrub Cornus drummondii in a mesic grassland. Proceedings of the 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystems. 2007:86 -93. Available at: http://talltimbers.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Heisleretal2007_op.pdf.

Swemmer AM, Knapp AK, Snyman HA. Intra-seasonal precipitation patterns and aboveground productivity in three perennial grasslands. Journal of Ecology. 2007;95:780 -788. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01237.x.

Nippert JB, Knapp AK. Linking water uptake with rooting patterns in grassland species. Oecologia. 2007;153:261 -272. doi:10.1007/s00442-007-0745-8.

Nippert JB, Fay PA, Knapp AK. Photosynthetic traits in C3 and C4 grassland species in mesocosm and field environments. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2007;60:412 -420. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2006.12.012.

Fahey TJ, Knapp AK. Primary production: Guiding principles and standards for measurement. In: Fahey TJ, Knapp AK Principles and Standards for Measuring Net Primary Production. Principles and Standards for Measuring Net Primary Production. Oxford University Press, NY; 2007:3 -11. Available at: http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20073139615.html?freeview=true.

Fahey TJ, Knapp AK. Principles and Standards for Measuring Net Primary Production. (Fahey TJ, Knapp AK). Oxford University Press, NY; 2007:268 -.

Nippert JB, Knapp AK. Soil water partitioning contributes to species coexistence in tallgrass prairie. Oikos. 2007;116:1017 -1029. doi:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2007.15630.x.

Knapp AK, Burns CE, Fynn RWS, Kirkman KP, Morris CD, Smith MD. Convergence and contingency in production-precipitation relationships in North American and South African C4 grasslands. Oecologia. 2006;149:456 -464. doi:10.1007/s00442-006-0468-2.

Swemmer AM, Knapp AK, Smith MD. Growth responses of twodominant C4 grass species to altered water availability. InternationalJournal of Plant Sciences. 2006;167:1001 -1010. doi:10.1086/505611.

Nippert JB, Knapp AK, Briggs JM. Intra-annual rainfallvariability and grassland productivity: can the past predictthe future. Plant Ecology. 2006;184:65 -74. doi:10.1007/s11258-005-9052-9.

Briggs JM, Knapp AK, Blair JM, et al. An ecosystem in transition: causes and consequences of the conversion of mesic grassland to shrubland. BioScience. 2005;55:243 -254. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0243:AEITCA]2.0.CO;2.

Harper CW, Blair JM, Fay PA, Knapp AK, Carlisle JD. Increased rainfall variability and reduced rainfall amount decreases soil CO2 flux in a grassland ecosystem. Global Change Biology. 2005;11:322 -344. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00899.x.

Carter GA, Knapp AK, Anderson JE, Hoch GA, Smith MD. Indicators of plant species richness in AVIRIS spectra of a mesic grassland. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2005;98:304 -316. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2005.08.001.

McCulley RL, Burke IC, Nelson JA, Lauenroth WK, Knapp AK, Kelly EF. Regional patterns in carbon cycling across the Great Plains of North America. Ecosystems. 2005;8:106 -121. doi:10.1007/s10021-004-0117-8.

Baer SG, Collins SL, Blair JM, Fiedler A, Knapp AK. Soil heterogeneity effects on tallgrass prairie community heterogeneity: anapplication of ecological theory to restoration ecology. Restoration Ecology. 2005;13:413 -424. doi:10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00051.x.

Lett MS, Knapp AK. Woody plant encroachment and removal in mesic grassland: production and composition responses of herbaceous vegetation. American Midland Naturalist. 2005;153:217 -231. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2005)153[0217:WPEARI]2.0.CO;2.

Silletti AM, Knapp AK, Blair JM. Competition and coexistence in grassland co-dominants: responses to neighbor removal and resource availability. Canadian Journal of Botany. 2004;82:450 -460. doi:10.1139/b04-016.

Huxman TE, Smith MD, Fay PA, et al. Convergence across biomes to a common rain-use efficiency. Nature. 2004;429:651 -654. doi:10.1038/nature02561.

Heisler JL, Briggs JM, Knapp AK, Blair JM, Seery A. Direct and indirect effects of fire on shrub density and aboveground productivity in a mesic grassland. Ecology. 2004;85:2245 -2257. doi:10.1890/03-0574.

Smith MD, Wilcox J, Kelly T, Knapp AK. Dominance not diversity determines invasibility of tallgrass prairie. Oikos. 2004;106:253 -262. doi:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13057.x.

Knapp AK, Smith MD, Collins SL, et al. Generality in ecology: testing North American grassland rules in South African savannas. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2004;9:483 -491. doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0483:GIETNA]2.0.CO;2.

Lett MS, Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Blair JM. Influence of shrub encroachment on aboveground net primary productivity  and carbon and nitrogen pools in a mesic grassland. Canadian Journal of Botany. 2004;82:1363 -1370. doi:10.1139/b04-088.

Baer SG, Blair JM, Collins SL, Knapp AK. Plant community responses to resource availability and heterogeneity during restoration. Oecologia. 2004;139:617 -629. doi:10.1007/s00442-004-1541-3.

Morgan JA, Pataki DE, Korner C, et al. Water relations in grassland and desert ecosystems exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2. Oecologia. 2004;140:11 -25. doi:10.1007/s00442-004-1550-2.

Danner BT, Knapp AK. Abiotic constraints on the establishment of Quercus seedlings in grasslands. Global Change Biology. 2003;9:266 -275. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00574.x.

Weltzin JF, Loik ME, Schwinning S, et al. Assessing the response of terrestrial ecosystems to potential changes in precipitation. BioScience. 2003;53:941 -952. doi:doi: 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0941:ATROTE]2.0.CO;2.

McCarron JK, Knapp AK. C3 shrub expansion in a C4 grassland: positive post-fire responses in resources and shoot growth. American Journal of Botany. 2003;90:1496 -1501. doi:10.3732/ajb.90.10.1496.

Bakker C, Blair JM, Knapp AK. A comparative assessment of potential mechanisms influencing plant species richness in grazed grasslands. Oecologia. 2003;137:385 -391. doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1360-y.

Lett MS, Knapp AK. Consequences of shrub expansion in mesic grassland:  resource alterations and graminoid responses. Journal of Vegetation Science. 2003;14:487 -496. doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02175.x.

Smith MD, Knapp AK. Dominant species maintain ecosystem function with non-random species loss. Ecology Letters. 2003;6:509 -517. doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00454.x.

Foster DR, Swanson F, Aber J, et al. The importance of land-use legacies to ecology and conservation. BioScience. 2003;53:77 -88. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0077:TIOLUL]2.0.CO;2.

Quist MC, Fay P, Guy CS, Knapp AK, Rubenstein BN. The influence of disturbance from military training activities on terrestrial-aquatic linkages in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem. Ecological Applications. 2003;13:432 -442. doi:10.1899/08-170.1.

Heisler JL, Briggs JM, Knapp AK. Long-term patterns of shrub expansion in a C4-dominated grassland: fire frequency and the dynamics of shrub cover and abundance. American Journal of Botany. 2003;90:423 -428. doi:10.3732/ajb.90.3.423.

Fay P, Carlisle JD, Knapp AK, Blair JM, Collins SL. Productivity responses to altered rainfall patterns in a C4-dominated grassland. Oecologia. 2003;137:245 -251. doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1331-3.

Fay P, Knapp AK, Blair JM, Carlisle JD, Danner BT, McCarron JK. Rainfall timing, soil moisture dynamics, and plant responses in a mesic tallgrass prairie ecosystem. In: Weltzin JF, McPherson GR Precipitation Regimes and Terrestrial Ecosystems. A North American Perspective. Precipitation Regimes and Terrestrial Ecosystems. A North American Perspective. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press; 2003:147 -163.

McCarron JK, Knapp AK, Blair JM. Soil C and N responses to woody plant expansion in a mesic grassland. Plant and Soil. 2003;257:183 -192. doi:10.1023/A:1026255214393.

Baer SG, Blair JM, Knapp AK, Collins SL. Soil resources regulate productivity and diversity in newly established tallgrass prairie. Ecology. 2003;84:724 -735. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0724:SRRPAD]2.0.CO;2.

Fay PA, Carlisle JD, Danner BT, et al. Altered rainfall patterns, gas exchange and growth in C3 and C4 grassland species. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 2002;163:549 -557.

Briggs JM, Knapp AK, Brock B. Expansion of woody plants in tallgrass prairie: a 15 year study of fire and fire-grazing interactions. The American Midland Naturalist. 2002;147:287 -294. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2002)147[0287:EOWPIT]2.0.CO;2.

Silletti AM, Knapp AK. Long-term responses of the grassland co-dominants Andropogon gerardii and Sorghastrum nutans to changes in climate and management. Plant Ecology. 2002;163:15 -22. doi:10.1023/A:1020320214750.

Knapp AK, Fay PA, Blair JM, et al. Rainfall variability, carbon cycling and plant species diversity in a mesic grassland. Science. 2002;298:2202 -2205. doi:10.1126/science.1076347.

Van Der Hoek DJ, Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Bokdam J. White-tailed deer browsing on six shrub species of tallgrass prairie. Great Plains Research. 2002;12:141 -156. doi:10.1674/0003-0031-170.2.323.

McCarron JK, Knapp AK. C3 woody plant expansion in a C4 grassland: are grasses and shrubs functionally distinct?. American Journal of Botany. 2001;88:1818 -1823. Available at: http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/10/1818.

Fay PA, Carlisle JD, Danner BT, et al. Carbon and water relations of juvenile Quercus species in tallgrass prairie. Journal of Vegetation Science. 2001;12:807 -816. doi:10.2307/3236868.

Briggs JM, Knapp AK. Determinants of C3 forb growth and production in a C4 dominated grassland. Plant Ecology. 2001;152:93 -100. doi:10.1023/A:1011400101014.

Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Koelliker JK. Frequency and extent of water limitation to primary production in a mesic temperate grassland. Ecosystems. 2001;4:19 -28. doi:10.1007/s100210000057.

Danner BT, Knapp AK. Growth dynamics of gallery forest oak seedlings (Quercus macrocarpa Michx. and Quercus muhlenbergii Engelm.) from gallery forests: implications for forest expansion into grasslands. Trees. 2001;15:271 -277. doi:10.1007/s004680100103.

Carter GA, Knapp AK. Leaf optical properties in higher plants: linking spectral characteristics to stress and chlorophyll concentration. American Journal of Botany. 2001;88:677 -684.

Smith MD, Knapp AK. Physiological and morphological traits of exotic, invasive exotic, and native plant species in tallgrass prairie. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 2001;162:785 -792. doi:10.1086/320774.

Silletti AM, Knapp AK. Responses of the co-dominant grassland species Andropogon gerardii and Sorghastrum nutans to long-term manipulations of nitrogen and water. American Midland Naturalist. 2001;145:159 -167. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2001)145[0159:ROTCGS]2.0.CO;2.

Smith MD, Knapp AK. Size of the local species pool determines invasibility of a C4-dominated grassland. Oikos. 2001;92:55 -61. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.920107.x.

Knapp AK, Smith MD. Variation among biomes in temporal dynamics of aboveground primary production. Science. 2001;291:481 -484. doi:10.1126/science.291.5503.481.

Fay PA, Carlisle JD, Knapp AK, Blair JM, Collins SL. Altering rainfall timing and quantity in a mesic grassland ecosystem: Design and performance of rainfall manipulation shelters. Ecosystems. 2000;3:308 -319. doi:10.1007/s100210000028.

Blair JM, Collins SL, Knapp AK. Ecosystems as functional units in nature. Natural Resources and Environment. 2000;14:150 -155.

Maragni LA, Knapp AK, McAllister CA. Patterns and determinants of potential carbon gain in the C3 evergreen Yucca glauca (Liliaceae) in a C4 grassland. American Journal of Botany. 2000;87:230 -236. Available at: http://www.amjbot.org/content/87/2/230.short.

Owensby CE, Ham JM, Knapp AK, Auen LM. Biomass production and species composition change in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem after long-term exposure to elevated atmospheric CO2. Global Change Biology. 1999;5:497 -506. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00245.x.

Knapp AK, Bargman N, Maragni LA, et al. Elevated CO2 and leaf longevity in the C4 grassland dominant Andropogon gerardii. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 1999;160:1057 -1061. doi:10.1086/314202.

Smith MD, Knapp AK. Exotic plant species in a C4-dominated grassland: Invasibility, disturbance and community structure. Oecologia. 1999;120:605 -612. doi:10.1007/s004420050896.

Knapp AK, Blair JM, Briggs JM, et al. The keystone role of bison in North American tallgrass prairie. BioScience. 1999;49:39 -50. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/bisi.1999.49.1.39.

Baer SG, Blair JM, Knapp AK. Manipulation of soil resource heterogeneity in a tallgrass prairie restoration. Springer JT.  1999:78 -87. Available at: http://images.library.wisc.edu/EcoNatRes/EFacs/NAPC/NAPC16/reference/econatres.napc16.sbaer.pdf.

Knapp AK, Medina E. Success of C4 photosynthesis in the field: lessons from communities dominated by C4 plants. In: Sage RF, Monson RK C4 Plant Biology. C4 Plant Biology. New York: Academic Press; 1999:251 -283.

Kaufman DW, Kaufman GA, Fay PA, Zimmerman JL, Evans EW. Animal populations and communities. In: Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:113 -139.

Yavitt JB, Knapp AK. Aspects of methane flow from sediment through emergent cattail (Typha latifolia) plants. New Phytologist. 1998;139:495 -503. doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00210.x.

Rice CW, Todd TC, Blair JM, Seastedt TR, Ramundo RA, Wilson GT. Belowground biology and processes. In: Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:244 -264.

Seastedt TR, Hayden BP, Owensby CE, Knapp AK. Climate change, elevated CO2 and predictive modeling: Past and future climate change scenarios for the tallgrass prairie. In: Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:283 -300. Available at: http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/GDPE/Distinguished_Ecologists/2005/Hayden/grassland%20dynamics%20ch16.pdf.

Knapp AK, Conard SL, Blair JM. Determinants of soil CO2 flux from a sub-humid grassland: Effect of fire and fire history. Ecological Applications. 1998;8:760 -770. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0760:DOSCFF]2.0.CO;2.

Collins SL, Steinauer EM. Disturbance, diversity and species interactions in tallgrass prairie. In: Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:140 -156.

Kaufman DW, Fay PA, Kaufman GA, Zimmerman JL. Diversity of terrestrial macrofauna. In: Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:101 -112.

Collins SL, Knapp AK, Hartnett DC, Briggs JM. The dynamic tallgrass prairie: Synthesis and research opportunities. In: Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:301 -315.

Freeman CC. The flora of Konza Prairie: A historical review and contemporary patterns. In: Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:69 -80.

Ham JM, Knapp AK. Fluxes of CO2, water vapor, and energy from a prairie ecosystem during the seasonal transition from carbon sink to carbon source. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 1998;89:1 -14. doi:10.1016/S0168-1923(97)00062-2.

Oviatt CG. Geomorphology of the Konza Prairie. In: Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:35 -47.

Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:364 -364.

Knapp AK, Seastedt TR. Grasslands, Konza Prairie and long-term ecological Research. In: Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:3 -15.

Gray LJ, Macpherson GL, Koelliker JK, Dodds WK. Hydrology and aquatic chemistry. In: Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:159 -176.

Briggs JM, Nellis MD, Turner CL, Henebry GM, Su H. A landscape perspective of patterns and processes in tallgrass prairie. In: Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:265 -279.

McAllister CA, Knapp AK, Maragni LA. Is leaf-level photosynthesis related to plant success in a highly productive grassland?. Oecologia. 1998;117:40 -46. doi:10.1007/s004420050629.

Knapp AK, Blair JM, Briggs JM. Long-term ecological consequences of varying fire frequency in a humid grassland. In: Pruden TL, Brennan LA Fire in Ecosystem Management: Shifting The Paradigm From Suppression to Prescription. Fire in Ecosystem Management: Shifting The Paradigm From Suppression to Prescription. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station; 1998:173 -178.

Collins SL, Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Blair JM, Steinauer EM. Modulation of diversity by grazing and mowing in native tallgrass prairie. Science. 1998;280:745 -747. doi:10.1126/science.280.5364.745.

Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Blair JM, Turner CL. Patterns and controls of aboveground net primary production in tallgrass prairie. In: Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:193 -221.

Hartnett DC, Fay PA. Plant populations: Patterns and processes. In: Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:81 -100.

Hayden BP. Regional climate and the distribution of tallgrass prairie. In: Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:19 -34. Available at: http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/GDPE/Distinguished_Ecologists/2005/Hayden/grassland%20dynamics%20ch2.pdf.

Bremer D, Ham JM, Owensby CE, Knapp AK. Responses of soil respiration to clipping and grazing in a tallgrass prairie. Journal of Environmental Quality. 1998;27:1539 -1548. doi:10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700060034x.

Fay PA, Knapp AK. Responses to short-term shade in soybean leaves: Effects of leaf position and drought stress. International Journal of Plant Science. 1998;159:805 -811. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2475151.

Ransom MD, Rice CW, Todd TC, Wehmueller WA. Soils and soil biota. In: Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:48 -66.

Gray LJ, Dodds WK. Structure and dynamics of aquatic communities. In: Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. Grassland Dynamics: Long-Term Ecological Research in Tallgrass Prairie. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:177 -189.

Blair JM, Seastedt TR, Rice CW, Ramundo RA. Terrestrial nutrient cycling in tallgrass prairie. In: Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Hartnett DC, Collins SL Grassland Dynamics: Long-term Ecological Research. Grassland Dynamics: Long-term Ecological Research. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998:222 -243.

Knapp AK, Carter GA. Variability in leaf optical properties among 26 species from a broad range of habitats. American Journal of Botany. 1998;85:940 -946. Available at: http://www.amjbot.org/content/85/7/940.short.

Hamerlynck EP, McAllister CA, Knapp AK, Ham JM, Owensby CE. Photosynthetic gas exchange and water relations responses of three tallgrass prairie species to elevated carbon dioxide and moderate drought. International Journal of Plant Science. 1997;158:608 -616. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2474921.

Knapp AK, Fay PA. Plant strategies for coping with variable light regimes. In: Basra AS, Basra RK Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Resistance in Plants. Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Resistance in Plants. UK: Harwood Academic Press; 1997:191 -212. Available at: https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=cVUvZePMNfMC&oi=fnd&pg=PA191&dq=%22Plant%2Bstrategies%2Bfor%2Bcoping%2Bwith%2Bvariable%2Blight%2Bregimes%22+Knapp&ots=4FA7O50id2&sig=Iyq7j1EZaVkuv5Vkhqg25qu6b5c#v=onepage&q=%22Plant%2Bstrategies%2Bfor%2Bcoping%2.

Owensby CE, Ham JM, Knapp AK, Bremer D, Auen LM. Water vapor fluxes and their impact under elevated CO2 in a C4 tallgrass prairie. Global Change Biology. 1997;3:189 -195. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00084.x.

Towne EG, Knapp AK. Biomass and density responses in tallgrass prairie legumes to annual fire and topographic position. American Journal of Botany. 1996;83:175 -179. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2445935.

Su H, Briggs JM, Knapp AK, Blair JM, Krummel JR. Detecting spatial and temporal patterns of aboveground production in a tallgrass prairie using remotely-sensed data.  1996:2361 -2365. doi:10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516987.

Hamerlynck EP, Knapp AK. Early season cuticular conductance and gas exchange in two oaks near the western edge of their range. Trees. 1996;10:403 -409. doi:10.1007/BF02185644.

Owensby CE, Ham JM, Knapp AK, Rice CW, Coyne PI, Auen LM. Ecosystem level responses of tallgrass prairie to elevated CO2. In: Koch GW, Mooney HA Carbon Dioxide and Terrestrial Ecosystems. Carbon Dioxide and Terrestrial Ecosystems. London: Academic Press; 1996:147 -162.

Hamerlynck EP, Knapp AK. Photosynthetic and stomatal responses to high temperature and light in two oaks at the western limit of their range. Tree Physiology. 1996;16:557 -565. doi:10.1093/treephys/16.6.557.

Fay PA, Knapp AK. Photosynthetic and stomatal responses to variable light in a cool-season and warm-season prairie forb. International Journal of Plant Science. 1996;157:303 -308. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2475266.

Fay PA, Hartnett DC, Knapp AK. Plant tolerance of gall-insect attack and gall-insect performance. Ecology. 1996;77:521 -534. doi:10.2307/2265627.

Knapp AK, Hamerlynck EP, Ham JM, Owensby CE. Responses in stomatal conductance to elevated CO2 in 12 grassland species that differ in growth form. Vegetatio. 1996;125:31 -41. doi:10.1007/BF00045202.

Turner CT, Knapp AK. Responses of a C4 grass and three C3 forbs to variation in nitrogen and light in tallgrass prairie. Ecology. 1996;77:1738 -1749. doi:10.2307/2265779.

Henebry GM, Knapp AK. Spatio-temporal dynamics of soil moisture in tallgrass prairie using ERS-1 SAR image time series: first year results.  1996:166 -168. Available at: 10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516279.

Turner CT, Kneisler JR, Knapp AK. Comparative gas exchange and nitrogen responses of the dominant C4 grass, Andropogon gerardii, and five C3 forbs to fire and topographic position in tallgrass prairie during a wet year. International Journal of Plant Science. 1995;156:216 -226. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2474960.

Hamerlynck EP, Knapp AK. Environmental and physiological factors influencing the distribution of oaks near the edge of their range. Hartnett DC.  1995:17 -20. Available at: http://images.library.wisc.edu/EcoNatRes/EFacs/NAPC/NAPC14/reference/econatres.napc14.ehamerlynck.pdf.

Knapp AK, Yavitt JB. Gas exchange characteristics of Typha latifolia L. from nine sites across North America. Aquatic Biology. 1995;49:203 -215. doi:10.1016/0304-3770(94)00433-M.

Johnson SR, Knapp AK. The influence of fire on Spartina pectinata wetland communities in a northeastern Kansas tallgrass prairie. Canadian Journal of Botany. 1995;73:84 -90. doi:10.1139/b95-011.

Briggs JM, Knapp AK. Interannual variability in primary production in tallgrass prairie: climate, soil moisture, topographic position and fire as determinants of aboveground biomass. American Journal of Botany. 1995;82:1024 -1030. Available at:  http://www.jstor.org/stable/2446232.

Yavitt JB, Knapp AK. Methane emissions to the atmosphere through emergent cattail (Typha latifolia L.) plants. Tellus. 1995;47(5):521 -534. doi:10.3402/tellusb.v47i5.16065.

Johnson SR, Knapp AK. The role of fire in Spartina pectinata wetlands dominated tallgrass prairie wetlands. Cerulean SI, Engstroms RT.  1995:92 -101.

Fay PA, Knapp AK. Stomatal and photosynthetic responses to variable light in sorghum, soybeans and eastern gammagrass. Physiologia Plantarum. 1995;94:613 -620. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1995.tb00975.x.

Yavitt JB, Knapp AK. Wetlands may change tallgrass prairie from a sink to a source for atmospheric methane. Hartnett DC.  1995:137 -141. Available at: http://images.library.wisc.edu/EcoNatRes/EFacs/NAPC/NAPC14/reference/econatres.napc14.jyavitt.pdf.

Briggs JM, Fahnestock JT, Ward L, Knapp AK. Aboveground biomass in tallgrass prairie: effect of time since last fire. Wickett RG, Lewis PD, Woodliffe A, Pratt P.  1994:165 -170. Available at: http://images.library.wisc.edu/EcoNatRes/EFacs/NAPC/NAPC13/reference/econatres.napc13.jbriggs.pdf.

Knapp AK, Cocke M, Hamerlynck EP, Owensby CE. Effect of elevated C02 on stomatal density and distribution in a C4 grass and a C3 forb under field conditions. Annals of Botany. 1994;74:595 -599. doi:10.1006/anbo.1994.1159.

Su H, Knapp AK, Briggs JM. Effects of topography and fire on spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture in a tallgrass prairie. In:  Time Domain Reflectometry in Environmental, Infrastructure and Mining Applications. Time Domain Reflectometry in Environmental, Infrastructure and Mining Applications. United States Department of Interior Bureau of Mines; 1994:154 -162.

Knapp AK, Fahnestock JT, Owensby CE. Elevated CO2 alters dynamic stomatal responses to sunlight in a C4 grass. Plant Cell and Environment. 1994;17:189 -195. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00282.x.

Hamerlynck EP, Knapp AK. Leaf-level responses to light and temperature in two co-occurring Quercus (Fagaceae ) species: implications for tree distribution patterns. Forest Ecology and Management. 1994;68:149 -159. doi:10.1016/0378-1127(94)90042-6.

Chen DX, Coughenour MB, Knapp AK, Owensby CE. Mathematical simulation of C4 grass photosynthesis in ambient and elevated C02. Ecological Modelling. 1994;73:63 -80. doi:10.1016/0304-3800(94)90098-1.

Fahnestock JT, Knapp AK. Responses of forbs and grasses to selective grazing by bison: interactions between herbivory and water stress. Vegetatio. 1994;115:123 -131. doi:10.1007/BF00044867.

Hamerlynck EP, Knapp AK. Stomatal responses to variable sunlight in Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) leaves with different photosynthetic capacities. International Journal of Plant Science. 1994;155:583 -587. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2475031.

Knapp AK, Koelliker JK, Fahnestock JT, Briggs JM. Water relations and biomass responses to irrigation across a topographic gradient in tallgrass prairie. Wickett RG, Lewis PD, Woodliffe A, Pratt P.  1994:215 -220. Available at: http://images.library.wisc.edu/EcoNatRes/EFacs/NAPC/NAPC13/reference/econatres.napc13.aknapp.pdf.

Owensby CE, Coyne PI, Ham JM, Auen LM, Knapp AK. Biomass production in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem exposed to ambient and elevated CO2. Ecological Applications. 1993;3:644 -653. doi:10.2307/1942097.

Bragg WK, Knapp AK, Briggs JM. Comparative water relations of seedling and adult Quercus species during gallery forest expansion in tallgrass prairie. Forest Ecology and Management. 1993;56:29 -41. doi:10.1016/0378-1127(93)90101-R.

Seastedt TR, Knapp AK. Consequences of non-equilibrium resource availability across multiple time scales: the transient maxima hypothesis. American Naturalist. 1993;141:621 -633. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2462753.

Johnson SR, Knapp AK. The effect of fire on gas exchange and aboveground production in Spartina pectinata wetlands. Wetlands. 1993;13:299 -303. doi:10.1007/BF03161296.

Knapp AK. Gas exchange dynamics in C3 and C4 grasses: consequences of differences in stomatal conductance. Ecology. 1993;74:113 -123. doi:10.2307/1939506.

Fay PA, Hartnett DC, Knapp AK. Increased photosynthesis and water potentials in Silphium integrifolium galled by cynipid wasps. Oecologia. 1993;93:114 -120. doi:10.1007/BF00321200.

Knapp AK, Fahnestock JT, Hamburg SP, Statland LJ, Seastedt TR, Schimel DS. Landscape patterns in soil-water relations and primary production in tallgrass prairie. Ecology. 1993;74:549 -560. doi:10.2307/1939315.

Fay PA, Knapp AK. Photosynthetic and stomatal responses of Avena sativa  (Poaceae) to a variable light environment. American Journal of Botany. 1993;80:1369 -1373. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2445664.

Fahnestock JT, Knapp AK. Water relations and growth of tallgrass prairie forbs in response to selective herbivory by bison. International Journal of Plant Science. 1993;154:432 -440. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2995662.

Axmann BD, Knapp AK. Water relations of Juniperus virginiana and Andropogon gerardii in an unburned tallgrass prairie watershed. Southwestern Naturalist. 1993;38:325 -330. doi:10.2307/3671610.

Knapp AK, Yavitt JB. Evaluation of the closed-chamber method for estimating methane emissions from aquatic plants. Tellus. 1992;44B:63 -71. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0889.1992.00006.x.

Knapp AK. Leaf gas exchange in Quercus macrocarpa (Fagaceae): rapid stomatal responses to variability in sunlight in a tree growth form. American Journal of Botany. 1992;79:599 -604. doi:http://www.jstor.org/stable/2444875.

Briggs JM, Knapp AK. Estimating aboveground biomass in tallgrass prairie with the harvest method: determining proper sample size using jackknifing and Monte Carlo simulations. The Southwestern Naturalist. 1991;36:1 -6. doi:10.2307/3672110.

Schimel DS, Kittel TGF, Knapp AK, Seastedt TR, Parton WJ, Brown VB. Physiological interactions along resource gradients in a tallgrass prairie. Ecology. 1991;72:672 -684. doi:10.2307/2937207.

Knapp AK, Fahnestock JT. Influence of plant size on the carbon and water relations of Cucurbita foetidissima HBK. Functional Ecology. 1990;4:789 -797. doi: 10.2307/2389445.

Fahnestock JT, Knapp AK. Response of Andropogon gerardii  to simulated acid rain. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 1990;93:85 -90. doi:10.2307/3628150.

Tepedino VJ, Knapp AK, Eickwort GC, Ferguson DC. Death Camas (Zigadenus nuttallii) in Kansas: pollen collectors and a florivore. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 1989;62:411 -412.

Gilliam FS, Seastedt TR, Knapp AK. Canopy rainfall interception and throughfall in burned and unburned tallgrass prairie. The Southwestern Naturalist. 1987;32:267 -271. doi:10.2307/3671570.

Knapp AK, Seastedt TR. Detritus accumulation limits productivity of tallgrass prairie. BioScience. 1986;36:662 -668. doi:http://www.jstor.org/stable/1310387.

Knapp AK. Ecophysiology of Zigadenus nuttallii , a toxic spring ephemeral in a warm season grassland: effect of defoliation and fire. Oecologia. 1986;71:69 -74. doi:10.1007/BF00377323.

Knapp AK. Postfire water relations, production, and biomass allocation in the shrub, Rhus glabra, in tallgrass prairie. Botanical Gazette. 1986;147:90 -97. doi:http://www.jstor.org/stable/2474813.

Knapp AK, Hulbert LC. Production, density and height of flower stalks of three grasses in annually burned and unburned eastern Kansas tallgrass prairie: a four year record. The Southwestern Naturalist. 1986;31:235 -241. doi:10.2307/3670564.

Abrams MD, Knapp AK. Seasonal water relations of three gallery forest hardwood species in northeast Kansas. Forest Science. 1986;32:687 -696.

Abrams MD, Knapp AK, Hulbert LC. A ten-year record of aboveground biomass in a Kansas tallgrass prairie: effects of fire and topographic position. American Journal of Botany. 1986;73:1509 -1515. doi: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2443856.

Knapp AK. Early season production and microclimate associated with topography in a C4 dominated grassland. Oecologia Plant. 1985;6:337 -346.

Knapp AK. Effect of fire and drought on the ecophysiology of Andropogon gerardii and Panicum virgatum in a tallgrass prairie. Ecology. 1985;66:1309 -1320. doi:10.2307/1939184.

Knapp AK, Abrams MD, Hulbert LC. An evaluation of beta attenuation for estimating aboveground biomass in a tallgrass prairie. Journal of Range Management. 1985;38:556 -558. doi:10.2307/3899752.

Knapp AK, Gilliam FS. Response of Andropogon gerardii (poaceae ) to fire-induced high vs.low irradiance environments in tallgrass prairie: leaf structure and photosynthetic pigments. American Journal of Botany. 1985;72:1668 -1671. doi:http://www.jstor.org/stable/2443720.

Knapp AK. Effect of fire in tallgrass prairie on seed production of Vernonia baldwinii Torr. (Compositae). The Southwestern Naturalist. 1984;29:242 -243.

Knapp AK. Postburn differences in solar radiation, leaf temperature, and water stress influencing production in a lowland tallgrass prairie. American Journal of Botany. 1984;71:220 -227. doi:http://www.jstor.org/stable/2443749.

Knapp AK. Water relations and growth of three grasses during wet and drought years in a tallgrass prairie. Oecologia. 1984;65:35 -43. doi:10.1007/BF00384460.