02718nas a2200421 4500008004100000245009300041210006900134300001400203490000700217520145600224100001501680700001801695700001901713700001901732700002501751700001701776700002501793700002501818700002301843700002201866700002301888700002201911700001701933700002201950700002301972700002401995700002602019700002102045700002302066700002202089700002402111700002102135700002302156700001702179700002602196700002102222856005302243 2018 eng d00aContinental-scale decrease in net primary productivity in streams due to climate warming0 aContinentalscale decrease in net primary productivity in streams a415 - 4200 v113 a

Streams play a key role in the global carbon cycle. The balance between carbon intake through photosynthesis and carbon release via respiration influences carbon emissions from streams and depends on temperature. However, the lack of a comprehensive analysis of the temperature sensitivity of the metabolic balance in inland waters across latitudes and local climate conditions hinders an accurate projection of carbon emissions in a warmer future. Here, we use a model of diel dissolved oxygen dynamics, combined with high-frequency measurements of dissolved oxygen, light and temperature, to estimate the temperature sensitivities of gross primary production and ecosystem respiration in streams across six biomes, from the tropics to the arctic tundra. We find that the change in metabolic balance, that is, the ratio of gross primary production to ecosystem respiration, is a function of stream temperature and current metabolic balance. Applying this relationship to the global compilation of stream metabolism data, we find that a 1 °C increase in stream temperature leads to a convergence of metabolic balance and to a 23.6% overall decline in net ecosystem productivity across the streams studied. We suggest that if the relationship holds for similarly sized streams around the globe, the warming-induced shifts in metabolic balance will result in an increase of 0.0194 Pg carbon emitted from such streams every year.

1 aSong, Chao1 aDodds, W., K.1 aRüegg, Janine1 aArgerich, Alba1 aBaker, Christina, L.1 aBowden, W.B.1 aDouglas, Michael, M.1 aFarrell, Kaitlin, J.1 aFlinn, Michael, B.1 aGarcia, Erica, A.1 aHelton, Ashley, M.1 aHarms, Tamara, K.1 aJia, Shufang1 aJones, Jeremy, B.1 aKoenig, Lauren, E.1 aKominoski, John, S.1 aMcDowell, William, H.1 aMcMaster, Damien1 aParker, Samuel, P.1 aRosemond, Amy, D.1 aRuffing, Claire, M.1 aSheehan, Ken, R.1 aTrentman, Matt, T.1 aWhiles, M.R.1 aWollheim, Wilfred, M.1 aBallantyne, Ford uhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0125-506735nas a2200373 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164300000800233490000700241520565500248100001505903700001405918700001305932700002105945700002005966700001805986700001706004700001906021700001706040700002006057700001906077700001606096700002006112700001606132700001906148700001806167700001906185700001706204700001506221700001606236700001706252700001806269856007406287 2018 eng d00aPartitioning assimilatory nitrogen uptake in streams: an analysis of stable isotope tracer additions across continents0 aPartitioning assimilatory nitrogen uptake in streams an analysis a1380 v883 a

Headwater streams remove, transform, and store inorganic nitrogen (N) delivered from surrounding watersheds, but excessive N inputs from human activity can saturate removal capacity. Most research has focused on quantifying N removal from the water column over short periods and in individual reaches, and these ecosystem-scale measurements suggest that assimilatory N uptake accounts for most N removal. However, cross-system comparisons addressing the relative role of particular biota responsible for incorporating inorganic N into biomass are lacking. Here we assess the importance of different primary uptake compartments on reach-scale ammonium (NH4+-N) uptake and storage across a wide range of streams varying in abundance of biota and local environmental factors. We analyzed data from 17 15N-NH4+tracer addition experiments globally, and found that assimilatory N uptake by autotrophic compartments (i.e., epilithic biofilm, filamentous algae, bryophytes/macrophytes) was higher but more variable than for heterotrophic microorganisms colonizing detrital organic matter (i.e., leaves, small wood, and fine particles). Autotrophic compartments played a disproportionate role in N uptake relative to their biomass, although uptake rates were similar when we rescaled heterotrophic assimilatory N uptake associated only with live microbial biomass. Assimilatory NH4+-N uptake, either estimated as removal from the water column or from the sum uptake of all individual compartments, was four times higher in open- than in closed-canopy streams. Using Bayesian Model Averaging, we found that canopy cover and gross primary production (GPP) controlled autotrophic assimilatory N uptake while ecosystem respiration (ER) was more important for the heterotrophic contribution. The ratio of autotrophic to heterotrophic N storage was positively correlated with metabolism (GPP: ER), which was also higher in open- than in closed-canopy streams. Our analysis shows riparian canopy cover influences the relative abundance of different biotic uptake compartments and thus GPP:ER. As such, the simple categorical variable of canopy cover explained differences in assimilatory N uptake among streams at the reach scale, as well as the relative roles of autotrophs and heterotrophs in N storage. Finally, this synthesis links cumulative N uptake by stream biota to reach-scale N demand and provides a mechanistic and predictive framework for estimating and modeling N cycling in other streams.

1 aTank, J.L.1 aMarti, E.1 aRiis, T.1 avon Schiller, D.1 aReisinger, A.J.1 aDodds, W., K.1 aWhiles, M.R.1 aAshkenas, L.R.1 aBowden, W.B.1 aCollins, S., M.1 aCrenshaw, C.L.1 aCrowl, T.A.1 aGriffiths, N.A.1 aGrimm, N.B.1 aHamilton, S.K.1 aJohnson, S.L.1 aMcDowell, W.H.1 aNorman, B.M.1 aRosi, E.J.1 aSimon, K.S.1 aThomas, S.A.1 aWebster, J.R. uhttps://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecm.128003381nas a2200409 4500008004100000245007100041210006900112300000900181490000700190520222500197100001902422700001902441700002002460700002002480700002102500700002002521700002602541700001902567700001702586700002102603700001402624700001802638700001702656700001902673700002202692700001402714700002102728700002102749700002002770700001302790700001802803700001702821700001902838700002102857700002002878856007302898 2017 eng d00aDrivers of nitrogen transfer in stream food webs across continents0 aDrivers of nitrogen transfer in stream food webs across continen a30550 v983 a

Studies of trophic-level material and energy transfers are central to ecology. The use of isotopic tracers has now made it possible to measure trophic transfer efficiencies of important nutrients and to better understand how these materials move through food webs. We analyzed data from thirteen 15N-ammonium tracer addition experiments to quantify N transfer from basal resources to animals in headwater streams with varying physical, chemical, and biological features. N transfer efficiencies from primary uptake compartments (PUCs; heterotrophic microorganisms and primary producers) to primary consumers was lower (mean 11.5%, range <1% to 43%) than N transfer efficiencies from primary consumers to predators (mean 80%, range 5% to >100%). Total N transferred (as a rate) was greater in streams with open compared to closed canopies and overall N transfer efficiency generally followed a similar pattern, although was not statistically significant. We used principal component analysis to condense a suite of site characteristics into two environmental components. Total N uptake rates among trophic levels were best predicted by the component that was correlated with latitude, DIN:SRP, GPP:ER, and percent canopy cover. N transfer efficiency did not respond consistently to environmental variables. Our results suggest that canopy cover influences N movement through stream food webs because light availability and primary production facilitate N transfer to higher trophic levels.

1 aNorman, B., C.1 aWhiles, M., R.1 aCollins, S., M.1 aFlecker, A., S.1 aHamilton, S., K.1 aJohnson, S., L.1 aRosi-Marshall, E., J.1 aAshkenas, L.R.1 aBowden, W.B.1 aCrenshaw, C., L.1 aCrowl, T.1 aDodds, W., K.1 aHall, R., O.1 aEl-Sabaawi, R.1 aGriffiths, N., A.1 aMarti, E.1 aMcDowell, W., H.1 aPeterson, S., D.1 aRantala, H., M.1 aRiis, T.1 aSimon, K., S.1 aTank, J., L.1 aThomas, S., A.1 avon Schiller, D.1 aWebster, J., R. uhttps://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ecy.200903056nas a2200409 4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168300001200237490000700249520184200256653001802098653001802116653001502134653001702149653001202166653002102178100001902199700001802218700001802236700002102254700002502275700001702300700002502317700002302342700002202365700001602387700002302403700002402426700001902450700002302469700002202492700002302514700001702537700002602554856006602580 2016 eng d a0921-297300aBaseflow physical characteristics differ at multiple spatial scales in stream networks across diverse biomes0 aBaseflow physical characteristics differ at multiple spatial sca a119-1360 v313 a

Context Spatial scaling of ecological processes is facilitated by quantifying underlying habitat attributes. Physical and ecological patterns are often measured at disparate spatial scales limiting our ability to quantify ecological processes at broader spatial scales using physical attributes. Objective We characterized variation of physical stream attributes during periods of high biological activity (i.e., baseflow) to match physical and ecological measurements and to identify the spatial scales exhibiting and predicting heterogeneity. Methods We measured canopy cover, wetted width, water depth, and sediment size along transects of 1st–5th order reaches in five stream networks located in biomes from tropical forest to arctic tundra. We used hierarchical analysis of variance with three nested scales (watersheds, stream orders, reaches) to identify scales exhibiting significant heterogeneity in attributes and regression analyses to characterize gradients within and across stream networks. Results Heterogeneity was evident at one or multiple spatial scales: canopy cover and water depth varied significantly at all three spatial scales while wetted width varied at two scales (stream order and reach) and sediment size remained largely unexplained. Similarly, prediction by drainage area depended on the attribute considered: depending on the watershed, increases in wetted width and water depth with drainage area were best fit with a linear, logarithmic, or power function. Variation in sediment size was independent of drainage area. Conclusions The scaling of ecologically relevant baseflow physical characteristics will require study beyond the traditional bankfull geomorphology since predictions of baseflow physical attributes by drainage area were not always best explained by geomorphic power laws.

10aBoreal forest10aGeomorphology10aGrasslands10aNested ANOVA10aScaling10aTemperate forest1 aRüegg, Janine1 aDodds, W., K.1 aDaniels, M.D.1 aSheehan, Ken, R.1 aBaker, Christina, L.1 aBowden, W.B.1 aFarrell, Kaitlin, J.1 aFlinn, Michael, B.1 aHarms, Tamara, K.1 aJones, J.B.1 aKoenig, Lauren, E.1 aKominoski, John, S.1 aMcDowell, W.H.1 aParker, Samuel, P.1 aRosemond, Amy, D.1 aTrentman, Matt, T.1 aWhiles, M.R.1 aWollheim, Wilfred, M. uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10980-015-0289-y02511nas a2200313 4500008004100000245007600041210006900117300001300186490000800199520160300207653001101810653002601821653001301847653001801860653001201878100001801890700001401908700001301922700001801935700001901953700001601972700001701988700001902005700001902024700001702043700001802060700001602078856010302094 2004 eng d00aCarbon and nitrogen stoichiometry and nitrogen cycling rates in streams0 aCarbon and nitrogen stoichiometry and nitrogen cycling rates in  a458 -4670 v1403 aStoichiometric analyses can be used to investigate the linkages between N and C cycles and how these linkages influence biogeochemistry at many scales, from components of individual ecosystems up to the biosphere. N-specific NH4 + uptake rates were measured in eight streams using short-term 15N tracer additions, and C to N ratios (C:N) were determined from living and non-living organic matter collected from ten streams. These data were also compared to previously published data compiled from studies of lakes, ponds, wetlands, forests, and tundra. There was a significant negative relationship between C:N and N-specific uptake rate; C:N could account for 41% of the variance in N-specific uptake rate across all streams, and the relationship held in five of eight streams. Most of the variation in N-specific uptake rate was contributed by detrital and primary producer compartments with large values of C:N and small values for N-specific uptake rate. In streams, particulate materials are not as likely to move downstream as dissolved N, so if N is cycling in a particulate compartment, N retention is likely to be greater. Together, these data suggest that N retention may depend in part on C:N of living and non-living organic matter in streams. Factors that alter C:N of stream ecosystem compartments, such as removal of riparian vegetation or N fertilization, may influence the amount of retention attributed to these ecosystem compartments by causing shifts in stoichiometry. Our analysis suggests that C:N of ecosystem compartments can be used to link N-cycling models across streams.10acarbon10aCarbon:Nitrogen ratio10anitrogen10astoichiometry10astreams1 aDodds, W., K.1 aMarti, E.1 aTank, J.1 aPontius, J.L.1 aHamilton, S.K.1 aGrimm, N.B.1 aBowden, W.B.1 aMcDowell, W.H.1 aPeterson, B.J.1 aValett, H.M.1 aWebster, J.R.1 aGregory, S. uhttp://129.130.186.12/content/carbon-and-nitrogen-stoichiometry-and-nitrogen-cycling-rates-streams02609nas a2200337 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119300001500188490000700203520162900210100001801839700001901857700001501876700001701891700001801908700001901926700001701945700001501962700002001977700001801997700001602015700001902031700001802050700001402068700001902082700001602101700001802117700001702135700001902152856010002171 2003 eng d00aFactors affecting ammonium uptake in streams - an inter-biome perspective0 aFactors affecting ammonium uptake in streams an interbiome persp a1329 -13520 v483 a1. The Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment (LINX) was a coordinated study of the relationships between North American biomes and factors governing ammonium uptake in streams. Our objective was to relate inter-biome variability of ammonium uptake to physical, chemical and biological processes. 2. Data were collected from 11 streams ranging from arctic to tropical and from desert to rainforest. Measurements at each site included physical, hydraulic and chemical characteristics, biological parameters, whole-stream metabolism and ammonium uptake. Ammonium uptake was measured by injection of 15N-ammonium and downstream measurements of 15N-ammonium concentration. 3. We found no general, statistically significant relationships that explained the variability in ammonium uptake among sites. However, this approach does not account for the multiple mechanisms of ammonium uptake in streams. When we estimated biological demand for inorganic nitrogen based on our measurements of in-stream metabolism, we found good correspondence between calculated nitrogen demand and measured assimilative nitrogen uptake. 4. Nitrogen uptake varied little among sites, reflecting metabolic compensation in streams in a variety of distinctly different biomes (autotrophic production is high where allochthonous inputs are relatively low and vice versa). 5. Both autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism require nitrogen and these biotic processes dominate inorganic nitrogen retention in streams. Factors that affect the relative balance of autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism indirectly control inorganic nitrogen uptake.1 aWebster, J.R.1 aMulholland, P.1 aTank, J.L.1 aValett, H.M.1 aDodds, W., K.1 aPeterson, B.J.1 aBowden, W.B.1 aDahm, C.N.1 aFindlay, S.E.G.1 aGregory, S.V.1 aGrimm, N.B.1 aHamilton, S.K.1 aJohnson, S.L.1 aMarti, E.1 aMcDowell, W.H.1 aMeyer, J.L.1 aMorrall, D.D.1 aThomas, S.A.1 aWollheim, W.M. uhttp://129.130.186.12/content/factors-affecting-ammonium-uptake-streams-inter-biome-perspective02844nas a2200373 4500008004100000245012600041210006900167300001300236490000700249520170000256653001301956653002401969653002101993653002302014653001102037653001802048100002102066700001502087700001802102700001702120700001802137700001802155700001602173700001902189700001802208700001402226700001902240700001602259700001602275700001902291700001702310700001902327856012402346 2002 eng d00aCan uptake length in streams be determined by nutrient addition experiments? Results from an inter-biome comparison study0 aCan uptake length in streams be determined by nutrient addition  a544 -5600 v213 aNutrient uptake length is an important parameter for quantifying nutrient cycling in streams. Although nutrient tracer additions are the preferred method for measuring uptake length under ambient nutrient concentrations, short-term nutrient addition experiments have more frequently been used to estimate uptake length in streams. Theoretical analysis of the relationship between uptake length determined by nutrient addition experiments (SW′) and uptake length determined by tracer additions (SW) predicted that SW′ should be consistently longer than SW, and that the overestimate of uptake length by SW′ should be related to the level of nutrient addition above ambient concentrations and the degree of nutrient limitation. To test these predictions, we used data from an interbiome study of NH4+ uptake length in which 15NH4+ tracer and short-term NH4+ addition experiments were performed in 10 streams using a uniform experimental approach. The experimental results largely confirmed the theoretical predictions: SW′ was consistently longer than SW and SW′:SW ratios were directly related to the level of NH4+ addition and to indicators of N limitation. The experimentally derived SW′:SW ratios were used with the theoretical results to infer the N limitation status of each stream. Together, the theoretical and experimental results showed that tracer experiments should be used whenever possible to determine nutrient uptake length in streams. Nutrient addition experiments may be useful for comparing uptake lengths between different streams or different times in the same stream, however, provided that nutrient additions are kept as low as possible and of similar magnitude.10aammonium10anitrogen limitation10anutrient cycling10anutrient spiraling10astream10auptake length1 aMulholland, P.J.1 aTank, J.L.1 aWebster, J.R.1 aBowden, W.B.1 aDodds, W., K.1 aGregory, S.V.1 aGrimm, N.B.1 aHamilton, S.K.1 aJohnson, S.L.1 aMarti, E.1 aMcDowell, W.H.1 aMerriam, J.1 aMeyer, J.L.1 aPeterson, B.J.1 aValett, H.M.1 aWollheim, W.M. uhttp://129.130.186.12/content/can-uptake-length-streams-be-determined-nutrient-addition-experiments-results-inter-biome00768nas a2200229 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142300001100211490000700222100002000229700001300249700001200262700001800274700002100292700001900313700001600332700001900348700001600367700001800383700001700401856012000418 2002 eng d00aA cross-system comparison of bacterial and fungal biomass in detritus pools of headwater streams0 acrosssystem comparison of bacterial and fungal biomass in detrit a55 -660 v431 aFindlay, S.E.G.1 aTank, J.1 aDye, S.1 aVallett, H.M.1 aMulholland, P.J.1 aMcDowell, W.H.1 aJohnson, S.1 aHamilton, S.K.1 aEdmonds, J.1 aDodds, W., K.1 aBowden, W.B. uhttp://129.130.186.12/content/cross-system-comparison-bacterial-and-fungal-biomass-detritus-pools-headwater-streams03297nas a2200409 4500008004100000245005500041210005500096300001300151490000700164520221800171653002402389653001302413653001702426653001202443653001302455653001902468653001202487653001302499100001802512700001702530700001702547700001602564700001602580700001902596700001802615700001402633700001902647700001602666700001602682700002102698700001902719700001502738700002502753700001802778700001702796856007402813 2002 eng d00aN uptake as a function of concentration in streams0 aN uptake as a function of concentration in streams a206 -2200 v213 aDetailed studies of stream N uptake were conducted in a prairie reach and gallery forest reach of Kings Creek on the Konza Prairie Biological Station. Nutrient uptake rates were measured with multiple short-term enrichments of NO3− and NH4+ at constant addition rates in the spring and summer of 1998. NH4+ uptake was also measured with 15N-NH4+ tracer additions and short-term unlabeled NH4+ additions at 12 stream sites across North America. Concurrent addition of a conservative tracer was used to account for dilution in all experiments. NH4+ uptake rate per unit area (Ut) was positively correlated to nutrient concentration across all sites (r2 = 0.41, log–log relationship). Relationships between concentration and Ut were used to determine whether the uptake was nonlinear (i.e., kinetic uptake primarily limited by the biotic capacity of microorganisms to accumulate nutrients) or linear (e.g., limited by mass transport into stream biofilms). In all systems, Ut was lower at ambient concentrations than at elevated concentrations. Extrapolation from uptake measured from a series of increasing enrichments could be used to estimate ambient Ut. Linear extrapolation of Ut assuming the relationship passes through the origin and rates measured at 1 elevated nutrient concentration underestimated ambient Ut by ∼3-fold. Uptake rates were saturated under some but not all conditions of enrichment; in some cases there was no saturation up to 50 μmol/L. The absolute concentration at which Ut was saturated in Kings Creek varied among reaches and nutrients. Uptake rates of NH4+ at ambient concentrations in all streams were higher than would be expected, assuming Ut does not saturate with increasing concentrations. At ambient nutrient concentrations in unpolluted streams, Ut is probably limited to some degree by the kinetic uptake capacity of stream biota. Mass transfer velocity from the water column is generally greater than would be expected given typical diffusion rates, underscoring the importance of advective transport. Given the short-term spikes in nutrient concentrations that can occur in streams (e.g., in response to storm events), Ut may not saturate, even at high concentrations.10aadvective transport10aammonium10aareal uptake10abenthos10akinetics10amass transport10aNitrate10anitrogen1 aDodds, W., K.1 aLópez, A.J.1 aBowden, W.B.1 aGregory, S.1 aGrimm, N.B.1 aHamilton, S.K.1 aHershey, A.E.1 aMarti, E.1 aMcDowell, W.B.1 aMeyer, J.L.1 aMorrall, D.1 aMulholland, P.J.1 aPeterson, B.J.1 aTank, J.L.1 avan der Hoek, D.C.J.1 aWebster, J.R.1 aWollheim, W. uhttp://129.130.186.12/content/n-uptake-function-concentration-streams01723nas a2200289 4500008004100000245006800041210006800109300001100177490000800188520088600196100001901082700001901101700002101120700001801141700001601159700001501175700001401190700001701204700001701221700001801238700001901256700001801275700001901293700001601312700001801328856008701346 2001 eng d00aControl of nitrogen export from watersheds by headwater streams0 aControl of nitrogen export from watersheds by headwater streams a86 -900 v2923 aA comparative 15N-tracer study of nitrogen dynamics in headwater streams from biomes throughout North America demonstrates that streams exert control over nutrient exports to rivers, lakes, and estuaries. The most rapid uptake and transformation of inorganic nitrogen occurred in the smallest streams. Ammonium entering these streams was removed from the water within a few tens to hundreds of meters. Nitrate was also removed from stream water but traveled a distance 5 to 10 times as long, on average, as ammonium. Despite low ammonium concentration in stream water, nitrification rates were high, indicating that small streams are potentially important sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide. During seasons of high biological activity, the reaches of headwater streams typically export downstream less than half of the input of dissolved inorganic nitrogen from their watersheds.1 aPeterson, B.J.1 aWollheim, W.M.1 aMulholland, P.J.1 aWebster, J.R.1 aMeyer, J.L.1 aTank, J.L.1 aMarti, E.1 aBowden, W.B.1 aValett, H.M.1 aHershey, A.E.1 aMcDowell, W.H.1 aDodds, W., K.1 aHamilton, S.K.1 aGregory, S.1 aMorrall, D.D. uhttp://129.130.186.12/content/control-nitrogen-export-watersheds-headwater-streams02732nas a2200265 4500008004100000245006800041210006700109300001500176490000700191520194500198100002102143700001802164700001502182700001602197700001802213700001902231700001402250700001902264700001702283700001802300700001902318700001502337700001902352856009502371 2001 eng d00aInter-biome comparison of factors controlling stream metabolism0 aInterbiome comparison of factors controlling stream metabolism a1503 -15170 v463 a1. We studied whole-ecosystem metabolism in eight streams from several biomes in North America to identify controls on the rate of stream metabolism over a large geographic range. The streams studied had climates ranging from tropical to cool-temperate and from humid to arid and were all relatively uninfluenced by human disturbances. 2. Rates of gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (R) and net ecosystem production (NEP) were determined using the open-system, two-station diurnal oxygen change method. 3. Three general patterns in metabolism were evident among streams: (1) relatively high GPP with positive NEP (i.e. net oxygen production) in early afternoon, (2) moderate primary production with a distinct peak in GPP during daylight but negative NEP at all times and (3) little or no evidence of GPP during daylight and a relatively constant and negative NEP over the entire day. 4. Gross primary production was most strongly correlated with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). A multiple regression model that included log PAR and stream water soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration explained 90% of the variation in log GPP. 5. Ecosystem respiration was significantly correlated with SRP concentration and size of the transient storage zone and, together, these factors explained 73% of the variation in R. The rate of R was poorly correlated with the rate of GPP. 6. Net ecosystem production was significantly correlated only with PAR, with 53% of the variation in log NEP explained by log PAR. Only Sycamore Creek, a desert stream in Arizona, had positive NEP (GPP: R > 1), supporting the idea that streams are generally net sinks rather than net sources of organic matter. 7. Our results suggest that light, phosphorus concentration and channel hydraulics are important controls on the rate of ecosystem metabolism in streams over very extensive geographic areas.1 aMulholland, P.J.1 aFellows, C.S.1 aTank, J.L.1 aGrimm, N.B.1 aWebster, J.R.1 aHamilton, S.K.1 aMarti, E.1 aAshkenas, L.R.1 aBowden, W.B.1 aDodds, W., K.1 aMcDowell, W.H.1 aPaul, M.J.1 aPeterson, B.J. uhttp://129.130.186.12/content/inter-biome-comparison-factors-controlling-stream-metabolism