01487nas a2200157   4500008004100000245011400041210006900155300001300224490000700237520088400244653002201128100001701150700001901167700001901186856012401205       1993                        eng d00aManagement practices in tallgrass prairie: Large- and small-scale experimental effects on species composition0 aManagement practices in tallgrass prairie Large and smallscale e  a247 -2550 v303 aMany studies from grasslands have reported how differing management techniques affect production levels and species composition (e.g., Ehrenreich & Aikman 1963; Wells 1980; Parr & Way 1988). In most studies the main emphasis has been on a single treatment (e.g., mowing, grazing or burning) under either highly controlled small-scale, experimental conditions (Hover & Bragg 1981; Collins 1987; Cox 1988) or less rigorous large-scale descriptive field studies (e.g., Abrams & Hulbert 1987; Gibson & Hulbert 1987). There are inherent strengths and weaknesses to both these approaches. Experimental studies, usually carried out at only one site or in small plots, may reflect local conditions; conversely, large-scale field observations usually lack statistical rigour (Hurlbert 1984) and treatment effects may be obscured by large-scale landscape heterogeneity (e.g. Gibson 1988a).10atallgrass prairie1 aGibson, D.J.1 aSeastedt, T.R.1 aBriggs, J., M.  uhttp://129.130.186.12/content/management-practices-tallgrass-prairie-large-and-small-scale-experimental-effects-species