@article {6125,
	title = {Making sense of multivariate community responses in global change experiments},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e4249},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1002/ecs2.4249},
	url = {https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.4249},
	author = {M.L. Avolio and Kimberly J. Komatsu and Koerner, S.E. and Grman, Emily and Isbell, Forest and Johnson, David S. and K.R. Wilcox and Alatalo, Juha M. and Baldwin, Andrew H. and Beierkuhnlein, Carl and Britton, Andrea J. and Foster, Bryan L. and Harmens, Harry and Kern, Christel C. and Li, Wei and McLaren, Jennie R. and Reich, Peter B. and Souza, Lara and Yu, Qiang and Zhang, Yunhai}
}
@article {5968,
	title = {Determinants of community compositional change are equally affected by global change},
	journal = {Ecology Letters},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {1892-1904},
	abstract = {<p>Global change is impacting plant community composition, but the mechanisms underlying these changes are unclear. Using a dataset of 58 global change experiments, we tested the five fundamental mechanisms of community change: changes in evenness and richness, reordering, species gains and losses. We found 71\% of communities were impacted by global change treatments, and 88\% of communities that were exposed to two or more global change drivers were impacted. Further, all mechanisms of change were equally likely to be affected by global change treatments\&mdash;species losses and changes in richness were just as common as species gains and reordering. We also found no evidence of a progression of community changes, for example, reordering and changes in evenness did not precede species gains and losses. We demonstrate that all processes underlying plant community composition changes are equally affected by treatments and often occur simultaneously, necessitating a wholistic approach to quantifying community changes.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1111/ele.13824},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.13824},
	author = {M.L. Avolio and Kimberly J. Komatsu and S.L Collins and Grman, Emily and Koerner, S.E. and Tredennick, A.T. and Wilcox, K.R. and Baer, S.G. and E.H. Boughton and Britton, Andrea J. and Foster, Bryan and Gough, Laura and Hovenden, Mark and Isbell, Forest and Jentsch, Anke and Johnson, David S. and Knapp, Alan K. and Kreyling, Juergen and Langley, J. Adam and Lortie, Christopher and McCulley, Rebecca L. and McLaren, Jennie R. and Reich, Peter B. and Seabloom, Eric W. and Smith, Melinda D. and Suding, Katharine N. and Suttle, K. Blake and Tognetti, Pedro M.},
	editor = {Anderson, Marti}
}
@article {KNZ002015,
	title = {Repeated fire shifts carbon and nitrogen cycling by changing plant inputs and soil decomposition across ecosystems},
	journal = {Ecological Monographs},
	volume = {90},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {e01409},
	abstract = {<p>Fires shape the biogeochemistry and functioning of many ecosystems, and fire frequencies are changing across much of the globe. Frequent fires can change soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage by altering the quantity and chemistry of plant inputs through changes in plant biomass and composition as well as altering decomposition of soil organic matter. How decomposition rates change with shifting inputs remains uncertain because most studies focus on the effects of single fires, where transient changes may not reflect responses to decadal changes in burning frequencies. Here, we sampled seven sites exposed to different fire frequencies. In four of the sites, we intensively sampled both soils and plant communities across four ecosystems in North America and Africa spanning tropical savanna, temperate coniferous savanna, temperate broadleaf savanna, and temperate coniferous forest ecosystems. Each site contained multiple plots burned frequently for 33-61 years and nearby plots that had remained unburned over the same period replicated at the landscape scale. Across all sites, repeatedly burned plots had 25-185\% lower bulk soil C and N concentrations but also 2-10-fold lower potential decomposition of organic matter compared to unburned sites. Soil C and N concentrations and extracellular enzyme activities declined with frequent fire because fire reduced both plant biomass inputs into soils and dampened the localized enrichment effect of tree canopies. Examination of soil extracellular enzyme activities revealed that fire decreased the potential turnover of organic matter in the forms of cellulose, starch, and chitin (p\&lt;0.0001) but not polyphenol and lignin (p=0.09), suggesting a shift in soil C and N cycling. Inclusion of δ13C data from three additional savanna sites (19-60 years of altered fire frequencies) showed that soil C losses were largest in sites where estimated tree inputs into soils declined the most (r2=0.91, p\&lt;0.01). In conclusion, repeated burning reduced C and N storage, consistent with previous studies, but fire also reduced potential decomposition, likely contributing to slower C and N cycling. Trees were important in shaping soil carbon responses across sites, but the magnitude of tree effects differed and depended on how tree biomass inputs into soil responded to fire.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1002/ecm.1409},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ecm.1409},
	author = {Pellegrini, Adam.F.A. and Hobbie, Sarah E. and Reich, Peter B. and A. Jumpponen and Brookshire, E.N. Jack and Caprio, Anthony C. and Coetsee, Corli and Jackson, Robert B.}
}
