@article {KNZ001109,
	title = {Effects of floods on fish assemblages in an intermittent prairie stream},
	journal = {Freshwater Biology},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {2072 -2086},
	abstract = {1. Floods are major disturbances to stream ecosystems that can kill or displace organisms and modify habitats. Many studies have reported changes in fish assemblages after a single flood, but few studies have evaluated the importance of timing and intensity of floods on long-term fish assemblage dynamics.

2. We used a 10-year dataset to evaluate the effects of floods on fishes in Kings Creek, an intermittent prairie stream in north-eastern, Kansas, U.S.A. Samples were collected seasonally at two perennial headwater sites (1995{\textendash}2005) and one perennial downstream flowing site (1997{\textendash}2005) allowing us to evaluate the effects of floods at different locations within a watershed. In addition, four surveys during 2003 and 2004 sampled 3{\textendash}5 km of stream between the long-term study sites to evaluate the use of intermittent reaches of this stream.

3. Because of higher discharge and bed scouring at the downstream site, we predicted that the fish assemblage would have lowered species richness and abundance following floods. In contrast, we expected increased species richness and abundance at headwater sites because floods increase stream connectivity and create the potential for colonisation from downstream reaches.

4. Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) was used to select among candidate regression models that predicted species richness and abundance based on Julian date, time since floods, season and physical habitat at each site. At the downstream site, AIC weightings suggested Julian date was the best predictor of fish assemblage structure, but no model explained >16\% of the variation in species richness or community structure. Variation explained by Julian date was primarily attributed to a long-term pattern of declining abundance of common species. At the headwater sites, there was not a single candidate model selected to predict total species abundance and assemblage structure. AIC weightings suggested variation in assemblage structure was associated with either Julian date or local habitat characteristics.

5. Fishes rapidly colonised isolated or dry habitats following floods. This was evidenced by the occurrence of fishes in intermittent reaches and the positive association between maximum daily discharge and colonisation events at both headwater sites.

6. Our study suggests floods allow dispersal into intermittent habitats with little or no downstream displacement of fishes. Movement of fishes among habitats during flooding highlights the importance of maintaining connectivity of stream networks of low to medium order prairie streams.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01640.x},
	author = {Franssen, N.R. and K. B. Gido and Strakosh, T.R. and Bertrand, K.N. and Franssen, C.M. and Paukert, C.P. and Pitts, K.L. and Guy, C.S. and Tripe, J.A. and Shrank, S.J.}
}
@article {KNZ001057,
	title = {An evaluation of single-pass versus three-pass backpack electrofishing to estimate trends in species abundance and richness in prairie streams},
	journal = {Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science},
	volume = {109},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {131 -138},
	abstract = {Backpack electrofishing is a common method used to compare total species richness and relative abundance of stream fishes across space and time. However, as with any sampling method, it is important to evaluate the sampling effort necessary to capture patterns of variation in fish assemblage structure across samples. Thus, we evaluated the efficacy of single-pass versus multiple-pass backpack electrofishing for minnows and darters in intermittent prairie streams. We found that in 14 of 19 three-pass electrofishing samples, we detected all species during the first pass. The samples where we missed species on the first pass were in pools with six to nine species, suggesting a single-pass sample worked best for pools with lower species richness. We also found that both the raw abundance (i.e., catch rates) and rank abundance of four common species based on the first pass is highly concordant with the second and third passes. Nevertheless, differences in capture efficiency varied by species and density. In particular, our ability to deplete a species from a stream pool was highly variable when fish densities were low, and for Phoxinus erythrogaster, it was variable across all densities. Overall, our data suggest single-pass electrofishing can be used to detect spatial and temporal trends in abundance and species richness given standardized effort, but may not be representative of absolute population densities.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, backpack electrofishing, darters, intermittent prairie streams, minnows, sampling efficiency},
	doi = {10.1660/0022-8443(2006)109[131:AEOSVM]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Bertrand, K.N. and K. B. Gido and Guy, C.S.}
}
@article {KNZ001115,
	title = {Temperature and kairomone induced life history plasticity in coexisting Daphnia},
	journal = {Aquatic Ecology},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {361 -372},
	abstract = {We investigated the life history alterations of coexisting Daphnia species responding to environmental temperature and predator cues. In a laboratory experiment, we measured Daphnia life history plasticity under different predation risk and temperature treatments that simulate changing environmental conditions. Daphnia pulicaria abundance and size at first reproduction (SFR) declined, while ephippia (resting egg) formation increased at high temperatures. Daphnia mendotae abundance and clutch size increased with predation risk at high temperatures, but produced few ephippia. Thus, each species exhibited phenotypic plasticity, but responded in sharply different ways to the same environmental cues. In Glen Elder reservoir, Kansas USA, D. pulicaria dominance shifted to D. mendotae dominance as temperature and predation risk increased from March to June in both 1999 and 2000. Field estimates of life history shifts mirrored the laboratory experiment results, suggesting that similar phenotypic responses to seasonal cues contribute to seasonal Daphnia population trends. These results illustrate species-specific differences in life history plasticity among coexisting zooplankton taxa.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, Daphnia mendotae, Daphnia pulicaria, Ephippia, Life history, Phenotypic plasticity},
	doi = {10.1007/s10452-006-9035-5},
	author = {Bernot, R.J. and W. K. Dodds and Quist, M.C. and Guy, C.S.}
}
@article {KNZ00820,
	title = {The influence of disturbance from military training activities on terrestrial-aquatic linkages in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {432 -442},
	abstract = {The role of allochthonous organic matter in lotic ecosystems has been an important research topic among aquatic ecologists since the seminal work by Lindeman was published in 1942. Since 1986, studies on organic matter budgets, ecosystem metabolism, and decomposition published in J-NABS have made significant contributions to the overall understanding of organic matter dynamics in streams. In this review, we summarize the utility of organic matter budgets, cover the major advances in research on ecosystem metabolism, and describe the intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing organic matter decomposition. We also discuss future directions and current applications of research and highlight the need for additional studies on the role of land use and climate change, as well as continued use of organic matter processing as a functional metric in biomonitoring studies. We emphasize the need for continued data synthesis into comprehensive organic matter budgets. Such comparative studies can elucidate important drivers of organic matter dynamics and can assist in the understanding of large continental/global changes that might be occurring now and in the near future. In general, continued emphasis on synthesizing information into a larger framework for streams and rivers will improve our overall understanding of the importance of organic matter in lotic ecosystems.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, carbon cycling, decomposition, litter breakdown, metabolism, organic matter budgets, organic matter dynamics, streams},
	doi = {10.1899/08-170.1},
	author = {Quist, M.C. and P. Fay and Guy, C.S. and Alan K. Knapp and Rubenstein, B.N.}
}
@article {KNZ00837,
	title = {Recovery of three fish species to flood and seasonal drying in a tallgrass prairie stream},
	journal = {Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {209 -218},
	abstract = {The recovery of three fish species following a catastrophic flood (>50 y recurrence interval) and seasonal drying were studied in Kings Creek basin at the Konza Prairie Biological Station in northeastern Kansas. Fish collected from three tallgrass prairie headwater springs were marked and recaptured to determine if headwater springs were a source of fish recolonizing intermittent sections downstream and to estimate population sizes in the headwater springs. Three fish species (Campostoma anomalum, Phoxinus erythrogaster, and Etheostoma spectabile) were collected. Catch rates and population estimates of fish nine days post-flood were approximately half of the values obtained during subsequent sampling periods. Recolonization of an intermittent section was primarily by age-0 fish that seemingly were displaced downstream by flood events. The distribution of fish within the upper subbasins of the South Branch of Kings Creek was limited to perennial spring-fed reaches. The short duration of continuous flow and regular drying in these tributaries might limit the dispersal of individuals between populations in this landscape.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, tallgrass prairie},
	doi = {10.1660/0022-8443(2002)105[0209:ROTFST]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Fritz, K.M. and Tripe, J.A. and Guy, C.S.}
}
