@article {KNZ001534,
	title = {Spatial connectedness of plant species: potential links for apparent competition via plant diseases},
	journal = {Plant Pathology},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1195 -1428},
	abstract = {<p>This study evaluated the reactions of seven common C4 grasses of the tallgrass prairie of the USA Great Plains to the economically important wheat pathogens Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) isolated from wheat. The P. tritici-repentis isolates (race 1) were pathogenic on all grasses tested, but symptom severity was markedly low. Three of the grass species inoculated with Ggt were highly susceptible, while four species exhibited no symptoms. Because measures of connectedness can provide a proxy for population processes, connectedness was evaluated within and among the seven grass species in representative tallgrass prairie environments for all potential pathogen-sharing patterns. Andropogon gerardii was ubiquitous, so all plant species were well connected to it. Andropogon scoparius (= Schizachyrium scoparium), Sorghastrum nutans and Panicum virgatum were fairly common but specialized to particular environments. Bouteloua curtipendula was uncommon but occurred in all environments, while Buchlo{\"e} dactyloides and Bouteloua gracilis were uncommon and only occurred in upland sites. Co-occurrence of plant species was generally not reciprocal in that, for many species pairs, species A rarely occurred without potential exposure to inoculum from species B, while species B commonly occurred without species A. The three grass species susceptible to Ggt may act as sources of inoculum for each other within tallgrass prairie, with the potential to influence fitness, and tallgrass prairie and commercial wheat ecosystems in the Great Plains also have the potential to share both pathogens.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, agriculture{\textendash}wildlands interface, biofuel crops, graph theory, networks, pathogen spill-over, switchgrass},
	doi = {10.1111/ppa.12045},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ppa.12045},
	author = {Cox, C.M. and Bockus, W.W. and Holt, R.D. and Fang, L. and Garrett, K.A.}
}
@article {KNZ001162,
	title = {Comparison of damage to native and exotic tallgrass prairie plants by natural enemies},
	journal = {Plant Ecology},
	volume = {198},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {197 -210},
	abstract = {<p>We surveyed the prevalence and amount of leaf damage related to herbivory and pathogens on 12 pairs of exotic (invasive and noninvasive) and ecologically similar native plant species in tallgrass prairie to examine whether patterns of damage match predictions from the enemy release hypothesis. We also assessed whether natural enemy impacts differed in response to key environmental factors in tallgrass prairie by surveying the prevalence of rust on the dominant C4 grass, Andropogon gerardii, and its congeneric invasive exotic C4 grass, A. bladhii, in response to fire and nitrogen fertilization treatments. Overall, we found that the native species sustain 56.4\% more overall leaf damage and 83.6\% more herbivore-related leaf damage when compared to the exotic species. Moreover, we found that the invasive exotic species sustained less damage from enemies relative to their corresponding native species than the noninvasive exotic species. Finally, we found that burning and nitrogen fertilization both significantly increased the prevalence of rust fungi in the native grass, while rust fungi rarely occurred on the exotic grass. These results indicate that reduced damage from enemies may in part explain the successful naturalization of exotic species and the spread of invasive exotic species in tallgrass prairie.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, Enemy release hypothesis, grassland, Invasiveness, Leaf damage, Rust fungi},
	doi = {10.1007/s11258-008-9395-0},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs11258-008-9395-0},
	author = {Han, X. and Dend, S.P. and Garrett, K.A. and Fang, L. and M.D. Smith}
}
