@article {KNZ001277,
	title = {Massively parallel 454-sequencing of Quercus macrocarpa phyllosphere fungal communities indicates reduced richness and diversity in urban environments},
	journal = {New Phytologist},
	volume = {184},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {438 -448},
	abstract = {<p>\&bull;\&ensp;This study targeted the fungal communities in the phyllosphere of Quercus macrocarpa and compared the fungal species richness, diversity and community composition among trees located within and outside a small urban center using recently developed 454 sequencing and DNA tagging. \&bull;\&ensp;The results indicate that the fungal phyllosphere communities are extremely diverse and strongly dominated by ascomycetes, with Microsphaeropsis [two Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs); 23.6\%], Alternaria (six OTUs; 16.1\%), Epicoccum (one OTU; 6.0\%) and Erysiphe (two OTUs; 5.9\%) as the most abundant genera. \&bull;\&ensp;Although the sequencing effort averaged 1000 reads per tree and detected nearly 700 distinct molecular OTUs at 95\% internal transcribed spacer 1 similarity, the richness of the hyperdiverse phyllosphere communities could not be reliably estimated as nearly one-half of the molecular OTUs were singletons. \&bull;\&ensp;The fungal communities within and outside the urban center differed in richness and diversity, which were lower within the urban development. The two land-use types contained communities that were distinct and more than 10\% of the molecular OTUs differed in their frequency.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02990.x},
	url = {https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02990.x},
	author = {A. Jumpponen and Jones, K.L.}
}
